|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Organic arsenic compounds - toxicology, protection and therapy
MIKITIN, Richard
Organic arsenic compounds ? toxicology, protection, therapy The subject of this thesis is to bring the survey of selected organic arsenic compounds from the natural as well as anthropogenic sources. In the initial part, these compounds are described, the author deals with their origin, transport in environment and their impact on the organism. It brings the survey of the present most important problems associated with the organic compounds of arsenic, it deals with the issue of the contamination of potable water in the world and with the issue of the combat chemical substances with arsenic contents, their quality, history of usage, storage and liquidation. The target of the thesis was to describe the toxic characteristics of these substances, to define the fundamental problems, starting point of solutions in the field of protection against them and assuring adequate therapy. The author proceeded by the method of collecting information from the professional literature and other information sources. It was found out that the most serious problems are contamination of potable water and mainly the historic methods of liquidation of chemical weapons with the contents of arsenic compounds, as burying into the earth, submersion into water sources or burning in open fire. The risk remains also the storage, manipulation and destruction of the present stock of chemical weapons. Nevertheless, during collecting the information about here described organic compounds of arsenic it was not proved that water contamination and accumulation of these compounds in the live organisms is the most important risk of impact of these compounds. Organic compounds of arsenic, being accumulated in organisms of sea biotops, are arsenosugars (algae) and especially arsenobetain, which are almost non-toxic. The hypothesis was not proved and it shall be rejected. In future, it is necessary to take measures consisting in monitoring the known storage places of combat chemical substances, consequent checking of usage of arsenic pesticides and other industrial substances.
|
|
|
The Current State of Destruction of Chemical Weapons in the World
HELEŠIC, Jiří
The subject of this thesis is a description, mapping and assessment of the present situation concerning the destruction of chemical weapons in the world. This thesis also attempts to predict the future development in this area. The introductory part presents the meaning of essential terms, the characteristics of chemical weapons, the classification of chemical warfare agents, the history of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction, the description of this document and the subsequent formation and work of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemi-cal Weapons, its relations with the United Nations and an overview of the countries which stay outside the commitments of chemical disarmament. The goal of this work was to explore and evaluate the present situation concerning the destruction of chemical weapons in the world and to try to predict further develop-ment in this area. The methods used to map this problematic situation were to gather information from professional sources and involved organizations, then to compare the results of each country during their chemical weapons destruction in relation to their obligations to complete the liquidation. The outcome of this work was the confirmation of the hypothesis that despite the great efforts of the international society, despite the great efforts of general public and each country{\crq}s involved subjects at the national chemical weapons destruction in the world, this work has been succeeding very slowly and with great difficulties. To achieve complete disarmament will lie on the condition that countries will be subjected to effec-tive international control and that negotiations with countries which still stay outside the process of chemical disarmament will be hold even after the final deadline for disarma-ment in 2012.
|
guest ::
