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Decontamination of the large-scale facility
BURDA, Radek
The theoretical part of the thesis is divided in the five main chapters. First chapter generally defines the term ?contamination?, which is closely related to the decontamination. Second chapter is focused on the microbial contamination, defines infectious agents, the mechanisms of its spread and points out microbes most likely to be misused as a biological weapon. Third chapter of the theoretical part addresses the decontamination itself. It defines the decontamination in general aiming for microbial decontamination, i.e. the biological agent surface and environment removal. Two basic groups of decontamination e.g. physical and chemical procedures are mentioned in this chapter. Fourth chapter presents valid standards describing various types of examinations for the desinfecting preparations efficacy evaluation. The last chapter of the theoretical part covers large-scale facilities, defines them and describes experimental facilities at the Department of large-scale testing in the National institute for nuclear, chemical and biological protection in Kamenna. The aim of the thesis is to create own methodology of the disinfactant efficiency testing with emphasis on the real condition simulation. The decontamination was carried out by means of following methods: aerosol generator method, decontamination by evaporation, manual sprayer and engine sprayer respectively. For the analysis we chose these disinfactants: Chirosan? Plus, Incidin OxyDes, Kohrsolin? FF, Korsolex? basic, Persteril? 36 and Sanosil? Super 25 Ag. The disinfectant efficiency was tested in 30, 60 and 120 m3 facilities. The tested B-agents were: Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus atrophaeus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. For the decontamination efficiency verification we used a modified surface assay, a modified suspension assay and an agarose assay. The following issues were of concern: We found out that, based on the analysis of different techniques of decontamination, the large-scale facility decontamination is feasible. The most effective method of decontamination appears the manual and engine spraying with the latter more convenient for spaces over the 30 m3 in the matter of time. The decontamination by evaporation was inefficient for the large-scale facility decontamination. Experiments revealed that method based on aerosol distribution is convenient for large-scale facility decontamination. However, the nature of decontaminating preparation has to be considered. All disinfactants tested have shown good bactericidal activity. Nevertheless, only Korsolex? basic a Persteril? 36 have shown sufficient sporicidal activity with equal effect. The disadvantage of the preparation Persteril? 36 is its significant corrosive activity, on the other hand is inexpensive. The preparation Korsolex? basic contains anticorrosive compounds, but is more expensive than Persteril? 36. Our results demonstrated that the most convenient method for the decomtamination of facilities up to the 30 m3 is the manual aerosol sprayer. For facilities of larger volume the engine sprayer decontamination is more convenient. From the preparations tested, only Korsolex? basic a Persteril? 36 are, with respect to advantages and disadvantages, usable in the Department of large-scale testing in the National institute for nuclear, chemical and biological protection in Kamenna.
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The methods of hospital protection against terrorist attacks by biological weapons
JANDOVÁ, Miroslava
The aim of following work is to pass judgement on how the hospilals are ready to react to possible terrorist attack made with the help of biological materials. Evaluate available crisis management and ability to protect the hospitals and inhabitants from different kinds of terrorist attacks in Czech Republic. The point of this work is at least a bit clear up how biological materials are dangerous and how important is to be at least partly prepared for possible terrorist attack. My work explains term biological terrorism, what is its aim, ahat is the biological weapon, which biological materials can be used as a biological weapon and what kind of effect on humen being is has got. Then my work look on possibilities of terrorist attack and how the hospitals and IZS are prepared for this kind of thread. .
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Biological Weapons and Readiness of Integrated Rescue System for Biological Attack
KVÍDEROVÁ, Lenka
As the topic for my Bachelor Thesis I have chosen the Biological Weapons and Readiness of Integrated Rescue System for Biological Attack. The bioterrorism has recently become one of the most critical worldwide problems. The terrorist organizations that would misuse the biological weapons as a tool of pressure and blackmail to enforce their own interests would choose mainly civilian population as the target of their attack. The Integrated Rescue System plays an important role in protecting the population against this threat. The purpose of this Thesis is to point out the issue of biological weapons, to outline possibilities of production of these hazardous materials, to inform about how these biological means can be spread among the population and mainly to draw attention to the most significant representatives of the biological weapons. I will also describe the Integrated Rescue System and its individual components taking part in solving extraordinary situations incorporating occurrence of B-agens. In order to ensure readiness of the basic components of the Integrated Rescue System for biological terrorism, there has been a questionnaire compiled and handed over to the respective members of the Fire Brigade, Police of the Czech Republic and medical emergency services to fill it in. The Thesis is verifying the hypothesis whether the Integrated Rescue System components are sufficiently ready for a biological attack. Based on confrontation of the information obtained from literature, legislation, electronic sources and outcome of the questionnaire survey, there was an answer to the defined hypothesis formulated in the conclusion, stating that the Integrated Rescue System components are not currently prepared sufficiently for a biological attack.
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Biological terrorism - New Threat in the Hands of Extremist Groups
FUČÍK, Miroslav
In my bachelo´s work I am dealing with questions of a danger of misuse of biological weapons by some radical-thinking groups to promote their aims at the expense of our society and if the parts of integrated rescue system are sufficiently prepared for similar kind of threat and possible liquidation of effects. Nowadays when we can see an escalation of tension between radical-thinking groups of Islamic fundamentalists on the one hand and the civilized west on the other is misusing of B-agens as a means of weapons of mass destruction lies mainly in inconspicuously spreading it among civilians. It is necessary to realize that in sprite of the ban on production and holding of these agens there still is an arsenal of weapons of mass destruction with these agens available, mainly in the countries of the former Soviet Union. Problems arising from the misuse of biological agens as possible terrorist weapons become more real in a more globalized world such as the one in which the Czech Republic can be found. We gradually become a place where we have to prepare for possibilities that such cases of attacks can happen at our place. The threat itself of using these agens is bringing us a lot of questions. For example, if our security system is ready to deal with these kinds of extraordinary events. This range of problems is covered by a wide spectrum of scientific studies and that is why I do not try to investigated situations which could happen in case of using B-agens from the point of view of integrated rescue system components. The hypothesis that "bioterrorists" can with very little effort achieve very high impact as a result of their efforts is shown in work. By comparing and studying available materials, I discovered that despite the fact that all the materials are at very high levels of elaboration regarding the theory, on the other hand in reality, the components of integrated rescue system are not sufficiently ready and equipped for similar kind of possible danger and dealing with similar unexpected common event.
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