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Koření z čeledi miříkovitých a jejich využití v potravinářském průmyslu
Halodová, Tereza
The diploma thesis "Spices of the Apiaceae Family and Their Use in the Food Processing Industry" focuses on the characteristics of medicinal, aromatic, and spice herbs. The the-sis examines the legislation related to spices, plant substances, and their use in the food processing industry, particularly in the production of essential oils. The thesis also describes the methods of essential oil extraction and the norms for determining their con-tent. The thesis provides a detailed description of the Apiaceae family, which includes significant plant species used as spices. The practical part of the thesis includes a compa-rison and analysis of specific spices from the Apiaceae family, such as Anise, Fennel, Caraway, Dill, and Coriander. The content of essential oils in these spices was determined using the steam distillation method (based on Český lékopis 2017). Samples of the spices were obtained from four different manufacturers. The discovered content of essential oils ranged from 0.66 ml/100 g to 5.26 ml/100 g.
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Differentiation in the polyploid complex Libanotis pyrenaica (Apiaceae)
Přívozníková, Hana ; Chrtek, Jindřich (advisor) ; Vít, Petr (referee)
Polyploidization belong to principal evolutionary mechanisms in plants. Although it is rather rare in the family Apiaceae, there are several interesting polyploid complexes here. The present study deals with Libanotis pyrenaica, species three previously reported ploidy levels, namely diploid (2n = 2x = 22), tetraploid (2n = 4 x = 44) and most likely very rare triploid (2n = 3x = 33). The present study aims at geographical pattern of ploidal diversity in central Europe, genetic variation and selected biological features of this species. Flow cytometru, analysis of two chloroplast DNA markers (trnF-trnL and cp018-cp020), morphometrics and in vitro germination experiments were used. The tetraploid cytotype occurs throughout the studied area; in the Czech Republic it was found in the České středohoří Mts., southern Bohemia and Moravia, in Slovakia it especially in the Carpathian mountains in western and central parts of the country and in the Pieniny Mts. in the northeast. Tetraploid cytotype occurs mainly in central-east Europe; in the Czech Republic it is common in the lowlands along the river of Labe and locally in Moravia; in Slovakia it was found along the river of Váh, in the Slovenské rudohorie Mts. and in the Belanské Tatry Mts. A mixed-ploidy population (2x, 4x) was discovered in southern...
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Differentiation in the polyploid complex Libanotis pyrenaica (Apiaceae)
Přívozníková, Hana ; Chrtek, Jindřich (advisor) ; Vít, Petr (referee)
Polyploidization belong to principal evolutionary mechanisms in plants. Although it is rather rare in the family Apiaceae, there are several interesting polyploid complexes here. The present study deals with Libanotis pyrenaica, species three previously reported ploidy levels, namely diploid (2n = 2x = 22), tetraploid (2n = 4 x = 44) and most likely very rare triploid (2n = 3x = 33). The present study aims at geographical pattern of ploidal diversity in central Europe, genetic variation and selected biological features of this species. Flow cytometru, analysis of two chloroplast DNA markers (trnF-trnL and cp018-cp020), morphometrics and in vitro germination experiments were used. The tetraploid cytotype occurs throughout the studied area; in the Czech Republic it was found in the České středohoří Mts., southern Bohemia and Moravia, in Slovakia it especially in the Carpathian mountains in western and central parts of the country and in the Pieniny Mts. in the northeast. Tetraploid cytotype occurs mainly in central-east Europe; in the Czech Republic it is common in the lowlands along the river of Labe and locally in Moravia; in Slovakia it was found along the river of Váh, in the Slovenské rudohorie Mts. and in the Belanské Tatry Mts. A mixed-ploidy population (2x, 4x) was discovered in southern...
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Libanotis pyrenaica - a unique polyploid complex in the family Apiaceae
Přívozníková, Hana ; Chrtek, Jindřich (advisor) ; Vít, Petr (referee)
6 Abstract Libanotis pyrenaica is sometimes neglected representative of Czech flora, a member of Apiaceae family. It grows in xerothermic habitats, on basic soils, particularly on limestones. It can be found on shrubby, stony or grassy slopes, screes, in quarries, pastures, light forests, along the roads and railroads, river banks and in castle ruins. Libanotis pyrenaica is native to the Czech Republic, but is spreading secondarily to many habitats (along the river banks, railroads). Its secondary occurrence has been documented in e.g. Eastern Bohemia. There are two ploidy levels known in the Czech Republic: 2n = 2x = 22 and 2n = 4x = 44. Diploid plants were found in Southern Bohemia (limestones of Sušicko-Horaždovice region, Českokrumlovské Předšumaví region), while the tetraploid plants were detected in Eastern Bohemia and Southern Moravia. In contrast, diploids seem to prevail throughout Europe. However, exact frequency, geographical occurrence and differentiation of both ploidies are unknown up to date. Key words: Libanotis pyrenaica, Seseli, Moon Carrot, diploid, tetraploid, cytotype differentiation, Apiaceae, flow cytometry
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Content of selected phenolic compounds in spice plants.
BERANOVÁ, Zuzana
This work concerns the amount of certain phenols in some of the representatives of families Alliaceae, Lamiaceae and Apiaceae. Phenols in plants are widely represented and highly concentrated. Flavonoids are one of the smallest, yet quite significant classes of phenols. Ingestion of food containing flavonoids can prevent certain diseases such as Arteriosclerosis. cardiovascular and tumor diseases. This work focuses, for their special biological effects, on five flavonoids: Kaempferol, Quercetin, Myricetin, Apigenin and Luteolin. For determining the content of phenols a method of High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used. Three representative of the family Alliaceae, two representatives of the family Lamiaceae and three representatives of the family Apiaceae were analysed. Only edible parts of the plants were used for the analysis and the amount of phenols was compared in certain plants planted in beddings to the plants planted in greenhouses. At first, the qualitative representantion of phenols was ascertained by the HPLC method. The result is chromatographic profiles, which were then used in calculating the amount of particular phenols. Then the total amounts of kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, apigenin and luteolin were found out thanks to HPLC method. The biggest amount of total kaempferol was determined in petroselium hortense planted in beddings (588 mg/kg of fresh sample) and in a greenhouse (340 mg/kg of fresh sample). The biggest amount of quercetin was determined in red onion planted in a greenhouse (773 mg/kg of fresh sample) and in ocimum basilicum planted in beddings (535 mg/kg of fresh sample). The biggest amount of apigenin was determined in petroselium hortense planted in a greenhouse (1790 mg/kg of fresh sample) and in petroselium chrispum planted in beddings (3690 mg/kg of fresh sample).
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