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Hmyzí škůdci ovocných dřevin v sadech postižených tornádem
Mančíková, Radka
Observations of insect pests were carried out in 2022 and 2023 on domestic apple trees in two orchards in the Hodonín region, in Lužice, in an orchard affected by a tornado, and in Prušánky. During the observation of overwintering stages of pests, a total of 6 159 individuals from two orders, four families, were recorded in 2022. The most abundant family was Diaspididae (5 922 individuals), followed by Tetranychidae (151 individuals), Psyllidae (63 individuals), and Aphididae (22 individuals). In 2023, there was a significant decline in the abundance of representatives of all families. On average, the abundance of pests was higher in the experimental plot in Prušánky. Two species – Aphis pomi and Eriosoma lanigerum – were recorded during aphid observations during the growing season. A total of 733 colonies were recorded, the species distribution was roughly the same in both plots. The apple trees damaged by the tornado had the lowest number of aphid individuals. Using a pheromone trap for Cydia pomonella, its occurrence was confirmed in both experimental plots. The observation period was from 1 May to 31 August, and two peaks of occurrence were recorded during this period. With beating, total of 331 individuals, 7 insect species from 5 families, were recorded during the period from 22 August to 25 September. The most abundant species was the apple sawfly (Hoplocampa testudinea) (80 individuals).
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Mšice na ošetřovaných a neošetřovaných ovocných dřevinách
Prudíková, Tereza
During the year 2022, the occurrence of aphids on apple trees with different protection intensities was monitored at two locations and five experimental areas in Starý Lískovec (Brno) and in Květná (district Uherské Hradiště). The monitoring of overwintering eggs was realized in February. It was found, that higher abundance of eggs was on south side and lower level of the crown. The highest number of eggs was discovered on untreated apple orchard Květná, with an average of 32 eggs per 1 m of branch length. Visual control of the abundance and species spectrum of Aphididae was realized on 3 June, 29 June and 16 July 2022. Totally four aphid species were detected on three experimental areas, Dysaphis plantaginea, Myzus persicae, Aphis pomi and Eriosoma lanigerum. The highest abundance and most species were detected on untreated part in Starý Lískovec, summary 26 colonies of three different aphid species (Dysaphis plantaginea, Myzus persicae, Eriosoma lanig-erum).
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Molecular analysis of the mitochondrial genom of \kur{Diuraphis noxia} (Aphididae)
CHUNDELOVÁ, Daniela
The complete sequence of mitochondrial DNA from Diuraphis noxia was obtained and characterized. The mitogenome contains a standard set of 13 protein-coding genes, 19 tRNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes. A+T-rich and ?repets? regions in the same order as those of the other analyzed aphids. Comparison to mtDNAs from other Sternorrhyncha species obtained from GenBank revealed possible markers for studies on population differentiation. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony and maximum likelihood confirmed the classification of Diuraphis noxia into the Aphididae.
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Genetic variability of natural populations of the \kur{Diuraphis noxia} (Aphididae)
SÁBOVÁ, Michala
Genetic variability of natural populations of the species Diuraphis noxia (Aphididae) was studied with RAPD method. First goal was to establish the chosen method in the laboratory and to optimize conditions of RAPD-PCR for D. noxia. This was followed by the pilot study, in which 12 populations were analyzed. Expected variability among individual populations and within population was acknowledged. The results of this investigation came up to the noted progress of diffusion of this species around the World. Results will be used in further more complex study of D. noxia.
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