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The use of sedative and analgesic in children's injuries in prehospital emergency care
TOMANOVÁ, Markéta
The theme of this work is the use of sedation during child injuries in pre-hospital emergency care. Children injuries are serious health, economic, and social problems in the Czech Republic, particularly infant, toddler and preschool age children due to their rapid development of physical skills, but this time the development of intellectual abilities does not allow the recognition of dangerous situations. Any sudden deterioration of health of the child is a burden not only for him but also for the parents and all others in its surrounding. Due to a smaller representation of pediatric patients compared with other broad spectrum of health services interventions, young children require more care and therefore paramedics need to be oriented in this field. This thesis focuses on mapping the knowledge of paramedics in connection with the administration of sedation for injuries of children in pre-hospital emergency care. Quantitative research is focused on paramedics working in emergency medical service in Ceske Budejovice and ARO department in the hospital in Ceske Budejovice. At the beginning of the theoretical part, I tried to describe pre-hospital emergency care and specifics of childhood. A large proportion of theoretical work I devoted to chapter about sedation, which is a look into the history of where they could be seen the beginnings of analgesia and pain management. I thought it was important to mention the principle of medication, application paths or drug usage. Therefore, attention is on the chapter of pain, its definition, types, children experiencing pain and elaboration of rating scales. As has been said, injuries are a hot topic, and therefore the next part of the theoretical part is dedicated to injuries. The practical part focuses on the mapping of knowledge concerning the administration of sedation for injuries of children in pre-hospital emergency care. Data were collected from January to March in 2014. Questionnaires were personally handed in the form of printed questionnaires, forms were also distributed electronically. A total of 70 questionnaires were handed in, that is 50 questionnaires to the "RZP" center in Ceske Budejovice and 20 questionnaires to "ARO" department in a hospital in Ceske Budejovice. The return was 82.8 %, which represents 58 returned questionnaires, which were included in the subsequent evaluation of the research. Interviewed paramedics were at the beginning informed with the nature of the research, with an emphasis on confidentiality. Individual questions were designed to obtain the information needed to answer the research question ("what is knowledge of paramedics administering sedation to children in pre-hospital emergency care"), and they fulfilled the objectives of this thesis. The questionnaire contained a total of 15 questions, the questions 1-3 were used for further mapping of the respondents. The following 12 questions were deliberately chosen to find out whether paramedics have the knowledge of sedation during children injuries. These data were then graphically represented and each question separately evaluated. Only questions number 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 were included in the survey to be able to answer the research question. Research questions were statistically using the chi- square test evaluated. The level of significance rejected the claims set ("sufficient knowledge will have 75 % of the respondents") and confirmed the results of research that paramedics knowledge is not sufficient. Finally, research shows that paramedics should be more interested in the area related to sedation, its administration, dosage and possible complications. A training for emergency workers at least once but preferably twice a year could be a solution.
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