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Diverzita a fylogenetické vztahy hlodavců v horských oblastech východní Afriky
KRÁSOVÁ, Jarmila
The Eastern Afromontane region of Africa is characterized by striking levels of endemism and species richness. Therefore, it was recognized as the Eastern Afromontane biodiversity hotspot (EAMBH) with numerous endemic plants and animals including mammals. Some parts of EAMBH (e.g. Ethiopian Highlands) are still under-represented in terms of biodiversity research in comparison with areas where sampling was relatively intensive in the last decades (e.g. Albertine Rift). This thesis describes genetic diversity, evolutionary history and taxonomy of several rodent species inhabiting mountain areas of Eastern Africa and Angola with a special focus on neglected areas such as Ethiopian and Angolan Highlands. Molecular-genetic analyses detected considerably higher diversity of small mammals than previously expected. Several candidates for new species were suggested and some of them also formally described based on phylogenetic and morphometric analyses. Molecular dating placed most of the diversifications into the eras of Pliocene and Pleistocene confirming the hypothesis that Plio-Pleistocene climate fluctuations together with topographically diverse landscape of Eastern Africa contributed to the high level of species diversity observed today.
Integrovaná výuka vzdělávacích oborů zeměpis a přírodopis na 2. stupni ZŠ (s praktickou ukázkou výuky tematického obsahu biogeografie)
HŘAVOVÁ, Michaela
This diploma thesis deals with integrated teaching, its application both in our country and abroad and with its possible uses when teaching Geography and Natural History. The aim of the thesis was to create teaching activities connecting those two subjects with biogeographical content. Three teaching activities focusing on distribution of organisms in the area of Africa, Australia and Oceania and America had been created in total. Two of the activities had been designed to incorporate another subjects, namely Art and Czech Language. A conception of teaching of biomes and biogeography and a suggested arrangement of educational content in Geography and Natural History at second stages of elementary schools are also included in the thesis.
Multimediální pomůcka pro výuku regionální geografie Afriky
BARTOŠ, Tomáš
The diploma thesis deals with the creation of multimedia aid with a focus on regional geography of Africa which is useful especially in geography lessons at the lower secondary school. The introductory chapter about the goals of the thesis is followed by a theoretical part of the thesis which deals with multimedia in general and their position in teaching and regional geography. In the case of regional geography its meaning is solved together with the principles of its teaching. The following pages deal with many kinds of publications that try to describe a wide range of topics about the entire African continent. After the methodological chapter which describes the process of creating individual multimedia elements of the aid and the multimedia aid as a whole there is a chapter about the multimedia aid itself. Except the description of the aid, which is available from www.sites.google.com/view/rg-afrika there is a description of several selected multimedia elements (illustrations, graphs, maps, videos and tasks for students) with their specific usage. In general, the usage of the aid is primarily in better representation of the curriculum and possible improvement of teaching. An important chapter is also testing of the multimedia aid in practice. It describes how the aid was tested directly in the classroom with students and how they reacted to individual multimedia elements.
Impact of health expenditures on infant mortality in Africa
Bajer, Vladimír ; Šlegerová, Lenka (advisor) ; Bertoli, Paola (referee)
Each year, the infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births in Africa is more than 15 times higher than in the Czech Republic. This thesis investigates whether infant, neonatal and under-5 mortality rates could be lowered by an increase in health expenditures in Africa. We used data from 49 African countries for the last 20 available years, i.e., from 2000 to 2019. Applying the fixed effects estimation method for panel data, we examined the health expenditures as aggregate total current spending, and also separately as domestic private, domestic public and external. Our analyses showed significant negative relationships between both total current and external (i.e., direct foreign transfers and foreign transfers distributed by a government) health spending and infant/under-5 mortality. Additionally, under-5 mortality is also significantly affected by domestic private spending. On the contrary, no significant relationship between neonatal mortality and any health expenditure was found. Previously performed studies claimed that domestic public spending decreases studied mortalities too. However, our results imply that the effect of domestic public spending has disappeared and transferred instead into external and private health funds. Thus, it is crucial to invest in these segments more to lessen...
Arming Subsaharan Africa (2011-2020)
Hoza, František ; Kofroň, Jan (advisor) ; Doboš, Bohumil (referee)
Most countries in sub-Saharan Africa lack the capacity to produce arms and military equipment, so they are fully dependent on arms imports. At the same time, the arms trade has a strong political dimension, which is a huge volume beyond the financial trade itself. The aim of this work is to provide a descriptive analysis of the armament of sub-Saharan Africa between 2011 and 2020. This work uses data to define the largest exporters and importers in the region over a period of time and examines the effects of various variables on arms imports and exports to sub-Saharan Africa. Data for analysis were collected from a publicly available databank such as The World Databank or SIPRI. R studio with the assistance of ggplot2 and tidyverse packages was used to analyze and process all data. Thanks to this analysis, we found that, contrary to previously stated hypotheses, Chinese arms imports to sub-Saharan Africa are no longer growing than Russia, and Russia is still the largest arms exporter to the region. Some data suggest that there are correlations between arms imports into the region and war conflicts, which cause the two variables to interact.
Analysis of the influence of international economic relations on the supply of the vaccines against COVID-19 to African countries
Mejstřík, Václav ; Kofroň, Jan (advisor) ; Guasti, Petra (referee)
This bachelor's thesis examines the factors influencing the distribution of COVID-19 vaccines to African countries. The research builds on current literature on the economic and other penetration of states into Africa. Specifically, the thesis examines the penetration of China, Russia, the United States of America, and European Union member states along with the United Kingdom. The broader aim of the thesis is to provide insight into the motivations of vaccine-providing states. In other words, whether vaccines are being used as a geopolitical tool to gain influence. This is an exploratory-quantitative study using statistical analysis, specifically OLS regressions. The research was carried out using a multivariate regression method, with each model created by repeating a simple regression. In total were created five models with five independent variables. The independent variables are GDP per capita, imports, exports, democracy index score and presence of diplomatic missions. The operationalization produced five dependent variables representing a total of seven types of vaccines. Only the variables for the democratic index score and GDP per capita showed a significant effect on vaccine supply, but they can only explain the variability in vaccine supply for Oxford-AstraZeneca, Moderna, Johnson &...
Arming Subsaharan Africa (2011-2020)
Hoza, František ; Kofroň, Jan (advisor) ; Doboš, Bohumil (referee)
Most countries in sub-Saharan Africa lack the capacity to produce arms and military equipment, so they are fully dependent on arms imports. At the same time, the arms trade has a strong political dimension, which is a huge volume beyond the financial trade itself. The aim of this work is to provide a descriptive analysis of the armament of sub-Saharan Africa between 2011 and 2020. This work uses data to define the largest exporters and importers in the region over a period of time and examines the effects of various variables on arms imports and exports to sub-Saharan Africa. Data for analysis were collected from a publicly available databank such as The World Databank or SIPRI. R studio with the assistance of ggplot2 and tidyverse packages was used to analyze and process all data. Thanks to this analysis, we found that, contrary to previously stated hypotheses, Chinese arms imports to sub-Saharan Africa are no longer growing than Russia, and Russia is still the largest arms exporter to the region. Some data suggest that there are correlations between arms imports into the region and war conflicts, which cause the two variables to interact.
Seasonality in reproduction and abundance of birds in African savannas
Kučminová, Veronika ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Remeš, Vladimír (referee)
Seasonality of climate is a crucial factor that determines the existence of African savannas. Especially, the rainfall seasonality is a key factor in the abundance and reproduction of bird species of the savannas. Precipitation determines the timing of reproduction directly, but mainly indirectly through the influence of the environment, phenology, and productivity of plants. The vegetation determines the availability of resources and shelters. However, the widespread distribution of the savannas across the continent means that the seasonality and consequently the environment varies considerably from one area to another due to the different timing, size, and duration of wet and dry seasons. Breeding, as well as the abundance of savanna birds, is clearly influenced by the availability of food, which is determined by seasonal rainfall. For most species, the rainy season is an ideal time for reproduction, but there are also other groups of birds, that prefer a dry season for breeding and nesting. The birds must cope with unfavourable conditions outside the breeding season or leave their breeding areas. The abundance of birds in savannas is also significantly affected by the presence of palearctic migrants. Migration is therefore an important factor of the seasonal abundance of the savanna avifauna....
Drivers of avian diversity on an altitudinal gradient of Mount Cameroon
Djomo Nana, Eric ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Šálek, Miroslav (referee) ; Waltert, Matthias (referee)
Altitudinal gradients constitute a powerful test system for understanding distribution of species around the globe. Tropical mountains are quite rich in species even after controlling for environmental productivity, and are ideally suited for studying patterns of species distributions because they have had sufficient time for species to produce a response to environmental changes that affect their life histories. In this thesis, I investigate basic ecological mechanisms potentially behind avian distribution patterns along an altitudinal gradient in West-Central Africa. I used data collected with four methodological approaches (point counts, mist netting, random walks and artificial nest experiments) along an altitudinal gradient on Mt. Cameroon from October 2011 to September 2013. This work is focused on two interrelated themes: selection pressures on life histories (Chapters 1, 2, 3 & 4), and avian assemblage structures (Chapters 5 & 6). In the General Introduction, I present an overview of the study area with conservation implications of the study and my study objectives. In Chapters 1, 2 & 3, I investigate how selection pressures, i.e., nest predation and parasitism by haematozoa, affect bird assemblages. I used artificial nest experiments to assess nest predation rates in Chapters 1 & 2, and my...

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