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Design of Compact Spectrometer
Górová, Simona ; Haltof, Vladimír (referee) ; Fridrichová, Eva (advisor)
The content of this bachelor thesis is a design of table FTIR spectrometer which can be used for nowadays analytical techniques, whereas it allows to analyse samples of larger size. Moreover, an added value is a combination of two analytical methods which are placed together with a camera from bellow of the device. It makes the device usable, not only for contemporary target workplaces (laboratories, research centers…) but also in galleries and other art institutions. Default step for this work was a market research, studying of inner components and functions od spectrometers and user requirements.
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Microcalorimetric study of bacterial degradation of oil and its products
Bola, Tomáš ; Benešová, Pavla (referee) ; Krouská, Jitka (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with a study of the oil degradation as one of the possible products of petroleum using bacterial stems Pseudomonas Putida a Pseudomonas Chlororaphis. The work is motivated by the research of usability of a method which has not been used for those purposes so far – calorimetric analysis. Using IČ spektrometry (ATR), calorimetry and UV-VIS spectrometry was studied a degree and a character of interactions. Calorimetric analysis showed that the Pseudomonas Putida has bigger abbility of the degradability than Pseudomonas Chlororaphis. There was also detected that the optimal concentration for more effective degradation of oil fuel is 5 g/l and 20 g/l. By measurement of the absorbance deppending on time was verified that the bigger is the concentration of the sample, the higher is the resulted absorbance. Using UV-VIS analysis was determined a quantity of biomass. Using IČ spectometry in the ATR mode (reduced reflectance) was detected structure of the sample and also verified that the bacterial cultures Pseudomonas Putida and Chlororaphis degradated entire amount of petroleum.
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Problems of plastics and microplastics in FTIR analysis of soils
Stanislavová, Veronika ; Kučerík, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
Microplastics are formed as the result of the fragmentation of plastics. The microparticles are easier to distribute and thus can contaminate the environment. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the research of microplastics present in the soil system, using different methodologies. The focus of this thesis is the analysis of microplastics in soil using infrared spectroscopy – ATR (attenuated total reflectance) and DRIFT (diffuse reflectance) techniques. This work aimed to evaluate the suitability of the method for the identification of microplastics in soils. Polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polylactic acid (PLA) were used. In the first part of experimental analysis were microplastics mixed in different concentrations with 3 different types of model soils. The obtained infrared spectra of samples of mixtures (model soil and plastics) were used for statistical evaluation. The second part of the measurement was focused on the monitoring of changes in the spectra of real soils spiked with PET, after exposure to the degradation. After the interpretation of infrared spectra of samples of plastics with real and model soil, it was possible to confirm the presence of the functional groups of each polymer. Based on the measurements, the used techniques were evaluated as inappropriate for the qualitative determination of PLA. The results of the experimental part confirm the accuracy of FTIR (both ATR and DRIFT) for the analysis of microplastics in soil for samples containing PET and PHB.
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Application of FTIR methods for the determination of microplastics in soils
Vishneuskaya, Ulyana ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the application of methods of infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and thermal analysis (py-GC/MS) for the determination of microplastics in soil. Part of the thesis is an analysis of the current state of knowledge in the field of occurrence of microplastics in the terrestrial environment, their transmission in the soil and potential risks. The experimental part includes the preparation of samples of a mixture of model soil and PET of different concentrations and their analysis using ATR-FTIR and further isolation of PET from the samples by density separation and analysis by the py-GC/MS method. Based on the correlation coefficients, which show the ratio between the measured and actual values, it was considered that ATR-FTIR is more suitable for qualitative and quantitative analysis of microplastics in soil, and therefore this method was used to evaluate real soil samples with PET.
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Implication of eukaryotic DNA repair machinery in viral replication
Hron, Tomáš ; Španielová, Hana (advisor) ; Harant, Karel (referee)
Eukaryotic DNA damage response is an important mechanism which ensures genome stability. Its components are also mobilized during viral infection as a reaction against extraneous nucleic acid. Additionally, DNA repair machinery seems to be activated by some viruses purposely to provide their replication. This activation is mediated mainly by viral proteins which are able to interact with cellular factors. In many cases, key components of DNA damage mechanisms are associated with viral replication centre and likely participate in this process. Furthermore, cellular DNA damage signaling is exploited to provide competent environment for viral reproduction. However, particular mechanisms how these cellular factors participate in viral infection are still largely unclear. In this thesis, the principles of relationship between viral infection and eukaryotic DNA damage response are summarized and main viral families which are known to activate and utilize these mechanisms for its genom replication are described.
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Problems of plastics and microplastics in FTIR analysis of soils
Stanislavová, Veronika ; Kučerík, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
Microplastics are formed as the result of the fragmentation of plastics. The microparticles are easier to distribute and thus can contaminate the environment. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the research of microplastics present in the soil system, using different methodologies. The focus of this thesis is the analysis of microplastics in soil using infrared spectroscopy – ATR (attenuated total reflectance) and DRIFT (diffuse reflectance) techniques. This work aimed to evaluate the suitability of the method for the identification of microplastics in soils. Polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polylactic acid (PLA) were used. In the first part of experimental analysis were microplastics mixed in different concentrations with 3 different types of model soils. The obtained infrared spectra of samples of mixtures (model soil and plastics) were used for statistical evaluation. The second part of the measurement was focused on the monitoring of changes in the spectra of real soils spiked with PET, after exposure to the degradation. After the interpretation of infrared spectra of samples of plastics with real and model soil, it was possible to confirm the presence of the functional groups of each polymer. Based on the measurements, the used techniques were evaluated as inappropriate for the qualitative determination of PLA. The results of the experimental part confirm the accuracy of FTIR (both ATR and DRIFT) for the analysis of microplastics in soil for samples containing PET and PHB.
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Design of Compact Spectrometer
Górová, Simona ; Haltof, Vladimír (referee) ; Fridrichová, Eva (advisor)
The content of this bachelor thesis is a design of table FTIR spectrometer which can be used for nowadays analytical techniques, whereas it allows to analyse samples of larger size. Moreover, an added value is a combination of two analytical methods which are placed together with a camera from bellow of the device. It makes the device usable, not only for contemporary target workplaces (laboratories, research centers…) but also in galleries and other art institutions. Default step for this work was a market research, studying of inner components and functions od spectrometers and user requirements.
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Implication of eukaryotic DNA repair machinery in viral replication
Hron, Tomáš ; Španielová, Hana (advisor) ; Harant, Karel (referee)
Eukaryotic DNA damage response is an important mechanism which ensures genome stability. Its components are also mobilized during viral infection as a reaction against extraneous nucleic acid. Additionally, DNA repair machinery seems to be activated by some viruses purposely to provide their replication. This activation is mediated mainly by viral proteins which are able to interact with cellular factors. In many cases, key components of DNA damage mechanisms are associated with viral replication centre and likely participate in this process. Furthermore, cellular DNA damage signaling is exploited to provide competent environment for viral reproduction. However, particular mechanisms how these cellular factors participate in viral infection are still largely unclear. In this thesis, the principles of relationship between viral infection and eukaryotic DNA damage response are summarized and main viral families which are known to activate and utilize these mechanisms for its genom replication are described.
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