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The issues of juvenile criminal justice
Šípal, Jan ; Hořák, Jaromír (advisor) ; Pelc, Vladimír (referee)
1 The Issues of Juvenile Criminal Justice The Abstract This Master's degree thesis named "The Issues of Juvenile Criminal Justice" focuses on the issues of proceedings in the matters of children under the age of fifteen according to title third of the Act No. 218/2003 Coll. on the Responsibility of Juveniles for illegal Acts and on the Justice of Youth (hereinafter "ZSM"). These proceedings are unlike any other in that regard that although they are civil, they can't deny their penal aspect since they deal with the other offences, the acts which posses every element of a crime except for the fact that they were committed by someone not criminally liable. These proceedings are yet to be thoroughly examined by law literature or any other thesis and their statutory regulation itself is quite brief, that is despite the complexity of said issues. The first introductory chapter defines several basic concepts of these proceedings, such as "the child under the age of fifteen" or "other offence." Then, the ZSM is covered. This act is naturally crucial for the issue, though his relations to general civil and penal regulation must be explained. In the second chapter, called "Historical context," some key historical milestones are remembered, with the focus on Act No. 48/1931 Coll. on the Penal Justice System of the...
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Youth crime
JELÍNEK, Jan
Bachelor thesis " Juvenile delinquency " is a compendium of information on the origin and causes of children and youth. The main goal of this work is to outline the issues of child crime , to identify factors associated with the increase in juvenile crime and to remedy their shortcomings . In addition to performances by Act No. 218/2003 Coll . Liability for unlawful acts of Youth and Juvenile Justice , introduces the possibility of punishment for juvenile offenders and focuses on the causes of criminal behavior among juveniles . The first part consists of a historical perspective on the criminal liability of minors and its evolution . This thesis presents among other important concepts in the legislative field of juvenile delinquency are thus specified statistical outputs Police and examples of police practice. Of course there are also the prevention of juvenile criminal responsibility from the perspective of Police of the Czech Republic. The practical part of the thesis is the result of research that was carried out between police officers in London. A short questionnaire was distributed to several district The Department of Police and associates it anonymously completed.
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Underage Supervision
BOČANOVÁ, Jana
This work focuses on supervision of minors within the bounds of Probation and Mediation Service and the Department of Social-legal Protection of Children. The Theoretical part deals with supervision of minors on the basis of Educational Measures under the Act No. 218/2003 as well as the supervision, which is regulated by the Family Law Act. This part also comments briefly on children criminality; its causes, motivation and structure. The Practical part, which applies methods of case reports, study of company records and my own observation, deals with the comparison of the supervisions mentioned above. Although, in its essence, both supervisions agree with each other, there are still certain differences. These facts are also introduced in this part.
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Justifiable offenence
SEDLÁŘ, Tomáš
Práce vytváří ucelený pohled na problematiku a současné pojetí nutné obrany v České republice, jakožto jedné z okolností vylučující protiprávnost, která je vymezena v § 13 zákona č. 140/1961 sb., trestního zákona. Smyslem práce je vytvoření praktické pomůcky občanům naší země, aby věděli jakým způsobem jednat a jak se chovat v situacích, kdy bude bezprostředně ohrožen jejich život, zdraví nebo majetek popř. i další práva a svobody deklarovaná státem, v souvislosti s bezprostředním protiprávním a úmyslným jednáním jiné osoby či osob. V práci budou postupně uvedeny jednotlivé podmínky, které musí splňovat útok (bezprostředně hrozící nebo trvající) i obranné jednání, aby toto následně mohlo být příslušnými orgány posuzováno v mezích nutné obrany. Budou popsána určitá úskalí, která s sebou obranné jednání může přinést a bude zde uvedeno několik zajímavých soudních rozhodnutí, aby bylo patrné, jakým způsobem k této problematice přistupují soudci soudů jednotlivých stupňů. Rovněž zde budou zmíněny některé psychické faktory, které mohou ovlivnit jednání obránce v souvislosti se vzniklou zátěžovou situací, zejména spojená s intenzitou použité síly, popřípadě volbou obranného prostředku použitého k odvrácení útoku. Práce bude rovněž obsahovat pohled na nutnou obranu v souvislosti s instalací automatických zabezpečovacích a zejména obranných zařízení, jejichž používání a instalace není v současné době zákonem nijak upravována. V neposlední řadě bude práce obsahovat pohled do zahraničních úprav nutné obrany. V praktické části budou metodou dotazníku zjišťovány vědomosti a názory občanů na jednání v nutné obraně.
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Juvenile Delinquency
MACÁK, Pavel
Hlavním cílem bakalářské práce s názvem {\clqq}Kriminalita mládeže`` je vymezení příčin a struktury kriminality mládeže, dále pak rámcová charakteristika osobnosti pachatele (zjištění motivů k páchání trestné činnosti, okolnosti vytváření osobnosti pachatele {--} sociokulturní prostředí atd.). Způsoby represe vůči mladistvím a nezletilým pachatelům trestné činnosti. Dílčím cílem práce je zmapování programů prevence kriminality mládeže prováděné v rámci Policie České republiky.
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Current issues of judicature in juvenile matters
BANIAROVÁ, Petra
This thesis addresses the issues of judicature in juvenile matters, focusing on the criminality of children below 15 years of age and the specifics of judicial proceedings in cases concerning an offence punishable differently. The theoretical part outlines development of judicature in juvenile matters in the Czech Republic and the relating laws, the specifics of judicature in cases involving children below 15 years of age, cooperation of organizations acting within the given issues, and the currently discussed topics, such as lowering of the criminal liability age, development of juvenile criminality in the Czech Republic and evaluation of the act regulating judicature in juvenile matters after the several-year operation in practice. Due to their age and psychical immaturity, work with children as offenders committing offences punishable differently requires specific procedures aimed at correction of the offender and prevention of occurrence of further problems. The objective is also a fast solution of the situation, the lowest possible traumatizing of the child and protection of his/her rights. A large number of institutions, such as bodies of social-legal protection of children, the police, juvenile courts and the Probation and Mediation Service, are involved in the process. The objectives of the thesis were ascertainment of opinions of juvenile guardians on the issues, in particular on the operation of the act in practice and on its benefits and contingent drawbacks. A further objective was development of suggestions for amendment of the valid legal regulation on the basis of the respondents{\crq} answers. In connection with the set objectives, the research was conducted in the form of a structured interview with open questions. The respondents were workers of departments of social-legal protection of children under municipal authorities, and juvenile guardians. The questions were focused on the operation of the act in practice from the view of guardians, on benefits and drawbacks of the act and on the opinions of the guardians on some specifics of judicial proceedings involving children below 15 years of age. After processing the data obtained in the interviews, several suggestions for amendments of the act regulating judicature in juvenile matters were developed to
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Juvenile offenders´motivation for crime
KOTNOVÁ, Andrea
My thesis deals with juvenile offenders´ motivation for crime. In the theoretical part the basic terminology relating to this issued and considered essential for the issue description is introduced. Futhermore, the criminal activity of juveniles is characterized and the current state of the issue is described. The criminogenous factors leading to criminal activity are defined. These are divided into endogenous and exogenous. The final part of the theoretical part deals with motivation for criminal activity. The main goal/topic of my thesis was to illustrate motivation of juvenile offenders for criminal activity. To a thorough understanding and determination of the issue, sub-objectives were set {--} to identify endogenous causes of crime commiting by juvenile offenders, and comparison of individual offenders and evaluation of their readiness to commit crime. The research questions corresponded with the goals stated. The research was conducted by a qualitative method. The respondents were received through a purpose selection by the PMS institution. To obtain the data, the moderated semi-structured interview technique was chosen. The interviews were recorded using a dictaphone to make the most accurate analysis, and then retyped to a verbatim transcript. To analyze the data the anchored theory method was applied. Coding is based on the principles of the theory. I have used open coding. There were ten juvenile crime offenders who took part in this research as respondents. The research has shown the existence of a few problematic areas that provide grounds for criminal activities. As the fundamental areas have proved to be an inadequate family background and inappropriately spent free time in connection with members of a gang. The research outcomes revealed that the main (dominant) motif was fun and entertainment. Secondary (not frequent) motif was financial profit. The research results have also shown that these offenders tend to commit crime under the influence of alcohol and friends. I believe that my work has revealed new evidence surprising for many people. And that is that criminal activity of juveniles has been declining, being rather a marginal phenomenon (juvenile crime makes up only 2% of the total crime rate), and brutality and severity of offences commited by juveniles does not reach such a gravity as it is presented by the media. I would like to recommend the results of the thesis to be used as a basis for a preventive action in the field of juvenile delinquency. Due to the findings, more efficient and effective preventive programs could be set up to eliminate this socio-pathological phenomenon so that a favourable social climate could be established.
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