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Vliv aplikace insekticidů na slunéčko východní (Harmonia axyridis)
Kintlerová, Jarmila
The diploma thesis was focused on evaluating the influence of selected active ingredients of insecticides used to protect agricultural crops on populations of the invasive species of harlequin ladybird (Harmonia axyridis Pallas, 1773) obtained from various locations within the Czech Republic. Four active ingredients, acetamiprid, indoxacarb, lambda-cyhalothrin and tau-fluvalinate, were tested according to the IRAC methodology on populations of adult individuals collected at seven locations. The experiment was done in the form of adult vial test, with subsequent evaluation using the Polo Plus 2.0 software. Based on the obtained results of mortality and lethal doses of active ingredients, it was found that the populations were highly sensitive to acetamiprid and lambda-cyhalothrin and sensitive with possible emergence of resistance to tau-fluvalinate. In the case of indoxacarb, populations from three locations showed moderate to high resistance.
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Strategie minimalizace výskytu patogenů v klasech pšenice
Jurčík, Milan
The proposed work aims to describe the agents causing diseases of winter wheat, and their elimination strategies. The initial part is dedicated to the significance, division, traditional and less traditional types of utilization growing, and wheat characteristics. This part is followed by information on production and growing areas in the Czech Republic during the last decade. Furthermore, the significance of the genetic factor for the yield formation process of wheat is described and so are the key grain quality parameters. Resistance of wheat varieties to pathogens based on genetic resistances as well as resistance-promoting passive mechanisms (type of flowering, spike density and plant height) is mentioned. Moreover, agrotechnical measures ensuring elimination of pathogens occurrence in stands (seed quality, forecrop, soil processing, sowing time and depth, nutrition and health condition, choice of fungicide and the time and method of its application) are specified. The majority of the paper focuses on diseases that damage wheat spike and the causing agents of these diseases, including proposed strategies of their elimination in stands.
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Rezistence blýskáčka řepkového (Meligethes aeneus, Fabr. 1775) k vybraným účinným látkám insekticidů
Grätzová, Linda
The aim of this thesis was to determine presence of resistant populations pollen beetle (Brassicogethes aeneus). Determination their resistance level and proposing an anti-resistant strategy was solved too. The adults of pollen beetle were collected in year 2012 and 2013 from 16 locations in South Moravia. Collections were done on rape, but also on poppy and mustard. Pyrethroids - cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalotrin, tau-fluvalinate; neonicotinoids -- commercially used preparation Biscaya 240 OD and organophosphorous insecticide active substance chlorpyrifos ethyl were tested. The tests were conducted according to the methodology of Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) number 011, 021, 025. Each active substance was tested in three repetitions. The adults were exposed to 100 % registered dose after 24 hour. Substance efficiency in 2012 and 2013 was different. There was an efficiency drop in Biscaya 240 OD preparation. On the contrary, lambda-cyhalotrine substance was more effective in 2013.
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