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The logical analysis and the logical form of the statements "A exists"
Dostálová, Ludmila ; Materna, Pavel (advisor) ; Zouhar, Marián (referee) ; Kolman, Vojtěch (referee)
The thesis investigates the logical form of the statements "so-and-so exists". Firstly, the historical survey was displayed in order to identify the meaning of this sort of statements. Hence starting conditions of the logical analysis were defined as well as the requirements that the background logic of the logical analysis must fulfill in order to be an adequate tool to express their logical form. Consequently, various logical forms of existential statements as they are expressed in different logic systems were compared in order to show to what extent they fulfull the demand. The evaluation criteria were: the equivalency of truth-conditions, fulfillment of intuitions, and the acceptability of the deductive results.
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The Theory of Descriptions: Bertrand Bertrand Russell's Road Towards Ontological Austerity
Soutor, Milan ; Palkoska, Jan (advisor) ; Zouhar, Marián (referee) ; Landini, Gregory (referee)
Applying Occam's razor in order to minimize ontological commitments is among the central methods of Bertrand Russell's philosophy after 1905 and onwards. The year 1905 was specially significant for Russell in that respect, as he published in this year the groundbreaking paper titled 'On Denoting'. In this paper, he introduced, for the first time, the today widely acknowledged semantical theory, Theory of Descriptions. According to the canonical interpretation of Russell, which is represented, for the most part, by W. V. O. Quine's paper 'Russell's Ontological Development' (1966), Russell tended to embrace 'Meinongian' ontological commitments: these were ontological commitments to coherent and non-actual entities such as the present king of France (possibilia) and ontological commitments to incoherent entities such as the round square. In Quine's view, Russell could not dodge such commitments until he discovered Theory of Descriptions. This interpretation has been challenged recently and it is the main objective of this essay to defend Quine against his opponents. I provide a detailed account of those parts of Russell's philosophy before 'On Denoting' which precluded him from refuting conclusively the problematic ontological commitments. In order to provide such an account, we dive deep into the...
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The logical analysis and the logical form of the statements "A exists"
Dostálová, Ludmila ; Materna, Pavel (advisor) ; Zouhar, Marián (referee) ; Kolman, Vojtěch (referee)
The thesis investigates the logical form of the statements "so-and-so exists". Firstly, the historical survey was displayed in order to identify the meaning of this sort of statements. Hence starting conditions of the logical analysis were defined as well as the requirements that the background logic of the logical analysis must fulfill in order to be an adequate tool to express their logical form. Consequently, various logical forms of existential statements as they are expressed in different logic systems were compared in order to show to what extent they fulfull the demand. The evaluation criteria were: the equivalency of truth-conditions, fulfillment of intuitions, and the acceptability of the deductive results.
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