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Growing pains in children
Mročková, Monika ; Sedlak, Petr (advisor) ; Zemková, Daniela (referee)
This thesis focuses on the issue of growing pains (GP), the most common form of idiopathic musculoskeletal pain in early childhood. The disease, showing a benign recurrent course, affects children in the age range of 3-12 years and causes deep unrestrained pain in the lower limbs. The first part of the paper is based on the terminology of the disease name itself, it is prevalence and clinical manifestations. The next chapter discusses the etiology of the disease and summarizes the results of selected studies investigating the possible origins of RB. Although the first mention dates back to 1938, the cause of the disease has not been discovered to date. The chapter on diagnosis summarises the major pathological changes indicating the presence of another disease. Diagnosis is based on the exclusion of other causes, as there is no examination for RB that would confirm their presence with certainty. The last chapter of the thesis mentions possible therapeutic approaches that can be used to alleviate pain in the lower limbs.
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Anthropological profile of children with diagnosis ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder).
Uhlířová, Jaromíra ; Sedlak, Petr (advisor) ; Zemková, Daniela (referee)
This final thesis deals with the anthropological profile of children with ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), which is one of the most common psychiatric diagnoses in childhood. Many studies have demonstrated the relationship of ADHD to differences in physical growth, mostly in terms of growth retardation and lower weight parameters. However, these differences are often associated with the use of pharmacological treatment. Some authors point to the possibility of the influence of ADHD itself. In this paper we compare the anthropometric parameters of the 40 boys with ADHD from 6.00 to 10.99 years of age who are treated with medication (methylphenidate) and 172 boys of control group. The compilation of control group for use in clinical research of ADHD was one of the objectives of the thesis. We also compared anamnestic data obtained using questionnaires. It provided information such as birth parameters, duration of breastfeeding, eating habits, amount of time spent in physical activity, or time spent watching television. The control group of healthy individuals was established to better reflect the somatic profile of recent child population and also provided the anamnestic data. Against currently used growth standards control group showed some significant differences, which could be...
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Facial asymmetry and its changes from 3 to 15 years of age:tranversal study
Korbelová, Tereza ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Zemková, Daniela (referee)
Human face is not perfectly symmetrical, slight asymmetry is common in every individual in early childhood. The thesis deals with the evaluation of facial asymmetry in children aged 3 to 15 years on a transversal data set. As a material was used three-dimensional virtual models of the faces of children from Prague and Central Bohemia. The database contained 442 3D facial scans of girls and 396 3D facial scans of boys, divided into the following age categories: 3 - 5 years (116 girls, 98 boys), 6 - 8 years (117 girls, 100 boys), 9 - 11 years (80 girls, 80 boys) and 12 - 15 years (129 girls, 118 boys). Geometric morphometry methods were used to analyze the data, comparing the morphometric data of the corresponding paired structures on the left and right sides of the original image with its mirror counterpart. The results were visualized using super-projected color maps and significance maps. In both sexes, right-side protrusion of facial structures was found in all age categories, which was the assumption of the first hypothesis. The only exception was the nose area in boys aged 12-15. Significant asymmetry of the forehead area was observed in the youngest children and it diminished with age and receded laterally. On the contrary, asymmetry of the cheeks area occurred in older children, later in...
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Study of somatic traits of linear proporcionality in boys at the age of 11 to 14 years.
Němcová, Kateřina ; Sedlak, Petr (advisor) ; Zemková, Daniela (referee)
This study brings the information on linear body proportionality of pubescent boys. The body linear proportionality was validated by using the SD scores gained from the measured data and by validating the individual proportionality with help of natural Percal indices. Each child was considered according to his biological maturity by using KEI index. For rating of the growth of individual and his proportionality, the compliance of KEI index and the difference of height and chronological age were validated. The considering of those biological trends made it possible to separate the individuals with possible physiological variant of normal growth from the individuals with suspective growth pathology. The set included 346 boys in the age of 10-14 years, after replacing of disproportional individuals from the study. For evaluation of changes in the linear body proportionality the linear somatic markers with high degree of accuracy and reliability of measurement were chosen and the descriptional statistics were set to these parameters and to their indices. Comparing with reference sets the changes in proportional relations in year and half-year cathegories were described. Descriptive statistics of subischial length to sitting height index and arm span to body height index are not part of the referencial standard...
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Effect of celiac disease on growth and bone density.
Ondráčková, Markéta ; Zemková, Daniela (advisor) ; Tůma, Jan (referee)
Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disease of the small intestine caused by intolerance to gluten. The disease is characterized by impairment of intestinal mucosa, it is associated with malabsorption and maldigestion. The main symptoms are stomach pain, diarrhea, anemia, failure to thrive. Recently, the number of patients with atypical symptoms and a completely asymptomatic form of the disease increases. Prevalence of the disease in Europe is 1 %. The aim of this paper is to describe how celiac disease affects the status of bone tissue and what is its impact on growth in children.
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The growth of Czech patients with achondroplasia and the possibilities of predicting the growth of individual body segments
Anýžová, Tereza ; Zemková, Daniela (advisor) ; Moslerová, Veronika (referee)
Introduction: Achondroplasia is the most common bone dysplasia. It is caused by mutations in the FGFR3 gene, which is involved in regulation of proliferation and maturation of chondrocytes on the growth plates. Activating mutation results in impaired endochondral ossification and a wide range of symptoms: severe growth disorder with limb shortening, macrocephaly with risk of hydrocephalus, mid-facial dysplasia, sleep apnea, narrowing of the spinal canal, increased risk of respiratory complications, and airway inflammation. The current rapid technological development has led to a better understanding of the processes of epiphyseal growth cartilage, thus enabling the development of new drugs for the treatment of this disorder (modified CNP, soluble FGFR3, meclozine). Nevertheless, current treatment is primarily symptomatic. It is very important to have a growth patterns of patients with achondroplasia who have not been affected by any growth promoting treatment (prolongation surgery, growth hormone). Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the growth of Czech patients with achondroplasia, to compare our data with the world-wide used data by Horton et al. (1978) and the current data by del Pino et al. (2018). The next aim was to verify the accuracy of the multiplier method of final height...
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Variability and developmental changes of human face between 3 and 15 years: longitudinal and transversal approach
Moštková, Miroslava ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Zemková, Daniela (referee)
- 1 - Abstract The intent of this thesis is to evaluate the differences in facial morphology of children between 3 and 15 years of age based on 3D facial models and cross-sectional data. Due to improper use of cross-sectional data for studying growth, the next part of the thesis is focused on the comparison of cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches in research. The longitudinal observation of facial developmental changes can be considered as actual growth. The cross-sectional database contains 839 3D facial models (397 boys, 442 girls). Three previously published longitudinal databases were used for comparison. Their age intervals were as follows: 3 to 6 years (12 boys, 14 girls), 6 to 12 years (15 boys, 18 girls), 12 to 15 years (23 boys, 22 girls). Geometric morphometric methods were used to analyse facial models (Coherent Point Drift - Dense Correspondance Analysis, Per Vertex T-Test and Principal Component Analysis). The results were visualized using superimposition colour maps, shell distance significance maps and their interlacing. When annual consecutive age intervals were used for cross-sectional data, we could not observe the fluency of differences in facial morphology between age categories, which we can observe during actual growth. When wider age intervals were used for cross-sectional...
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