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Phytoextraction of non-steroidal analgetics
Bažilová, Blanka ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Zedník, Jiří (referee)
In present time environment is considarably contaminated by various diversed polutants mainly because of human activity. Part of this dissertation deals with problem of contaminents spreading into environment. Further more it summarizes particular options of xenobiotics removal from waste and subterraneous waters and it mostly focuses on new inovative methods decontamination methods of polluted areas based on vegetative biotechnologies. This study comprises knowledge about plants abilities and usage by transformation and degradation of nonsteroid analgesics, which belong to most common and mass used drugs. Goal of dissertation was to observe fate and transport in present time used nonsteroid analgesics and fytoextraction efficiency evaluation of such a substances from liquid nutrient medium with sunflower and corn. For determination of chosen nonsteroid analgesics (piroxicam, nimesulid, ketoprofen a paracetamol) was developed and optimalized analytical procedure which consisted of extraction and determination by HPLC-MS method. Results indicate that studied nonsteroid analgesics are very good extracted by plants. Biggest phytoremediation potential was proved for ketoprofen, which was consumed by plants more than other nonsteroid analgesics.
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synthesis of conjugated polyacetylene based polymers
Duchoslavová, Zuzana ; Zedník, Jiří (advisor) ; Doubský, Jan (referee)
Mostly new acetylene based monomers were prepared. All monomers were prepared by the means of standard spectroscopic methods. All monomers were successfully polymerized using standard metathesis TaCl5 based catalyst. Prepared polymers were characterized by the means of GPC/GPC-MALLS chromatography and standard spectral methods. Fluorescence properties of all prepared compounds were also studied: quantum fluorescence yields were determined and excitation and emission fluorescence spectra were recorded. Polymerization on modern metathesis Grubbs-Hoveyda catalytic systems of all prepared monomers was also tested. These reactions were only partially successful and only low molecular weight oligomers in mediocre yields were obtained.
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Preparation and polymerization ethynyl pyridine based monomers
Faukner, Tomáš ; Zedník, Jiří (advisor) ; Hoškovec, Michal (referee)
A group of monomers based on disubstitued ethynylpyridine (3-PyCCPh-4-t-Bu, 2-PyCCR, R = 4-t-BuPh, 2-Py, n-Bu) and 4-tert-butyphenylethynyl (4-t-BuPhCCPh-p-OR, R = SiPh2-t-Bu, Si-i-Pr3) were prepared by Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction (PdCl2[(PPh3]2/CuI). All of these monomers were charakterized by IR, UV/vis and NMR spectroscopy. Ethynylpyridine based monomers were polymerised by quarternization (ethylbromid was used as a quarternization agent) and by Grubbs-Hoveyda 2nd generation catalyst. As a product of the quarternization were obtained oligomers compounded by 2 - 13 monomers units (Mw: 1600 - 6000, Y 70%). Only low molecular weight oligomers were also obtained by Grubbs-Hoveyda 2nd generation polymerization (Mw: 400 - 1500, Y 34 %). Monomers based on 4-tert-butyphenylethynyl were polymerized by TaCl5/Bu4Sn/Toluen catalytic system. In that case were obatined polymers (Mw: 64 000 - 200 000, IP = 2,3 -3,9, Y 75 %). Products of polymeryzations were charakterized by GPC, IR, UV/vis and NMR spectroscopy.
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Synthesis and polymerization of substituted derivatives of caprolactone
Vrbata, David ; Zedník, Jiří (advisor) ; Smrček, Stanislav (referee)
Copper (I) mediated Huisgen 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition of 4-(piperidine-1-yl)-N-(prop-1-yne- 3-yl)-1,8-naphtalimide (PN) to poly(αN3εCL-co-εCL) of three different molar ratio of αN3εCL was performed. Reaction was succesfull for poly(αN3εCL-co-εCL) with molar fraction of αN3εCL f = 0,22. No degradation of substituted PCL was observed during the synthetic path, therefore the PN molecule is suitable for click coupling to well defined polyester. New aliphatic polyester based on polycaprolactone was synthesized and characterized by means of 1 HNMR spectra and Gel permeation chromatography calibrated with polystyrene standards. The spectra of other two copolymers coupled with PN were not measured due to their low solubility in common organic solvents. Keywords: living polymerization, α-chloro-ε-caprolactone, click reaction
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Substituted oligothiophenes as a building blocks for supramolecular structures preparation
Loukotová, Lenka ; Svoboda, Jan (advisor) ; Zedník, Jiří (referee)
5 Abstract In this thesis the synthesis of (3-bromopropyl) 2,5-bis{5-(2,2':6',2''-terpyridin-4'- yl)-2-thienyl}-3-thienylacetate is reported. As a basic building block it was used 3-thienylacetic acid which is commercially available. The first synthetic sub-step was based on this compound and next synthetic sub-steps included esterification, bromination, borylation or Suzuki coupling. Complexation of synthetized oligomer with zinc cations is also reported, there are included UV-VIS spectra and fluorescent emission spectra of titration range.
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Preparation of conjugated polymers-based fluorescence probes
Jeriga, Branislav ; Zedník, Jiří (advisor) ; Havlíček, David (referee)
4 Abstract The water soluble polythiophe-based polyelectrolytes, namely poly{3-[6- (triethylphosphonium) hexyl]-thiophene-2,5-diyl bromide} bearing the same ionic pendant groups but different in polymer main chain regioregularity 62 and 94% and molecular weight, respectively have been tested in order to study them as possible luminescentchemo-sensors.Thefluorescentquenchingwithmetalsions(Fe2+ ,Ni2+ ,Zn2+ , Cd2+ , Cu2+ , Cs+ , Co2+ and Ag+ ) has been studied in water as a detailed survey. In order to continueandextendthestudyofvariousconjugatedpolymersasalternativeluminescent sensors, luminescence quenching of poly(1-phenyl-1-hexyne) compound has been tested with nitrobeneze as a quenching agent. Final structure modification of model compound and preparation the phosphonium or ammonium based conjugated polyelectrolyte and consequent interactionwithmetal ions are planned for the future. Bachelor thesis was done at Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry at Faculty of Science at Charles University with the support of The Czech ScienceFoundation17-05318S.
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Preparation of Polyacetylene Networks via Postpolymerization Cross-Linking
Šorm, David ; Sedláček, Jan (advisor) ; Zedník, Jiří (referee)
Using the method of chain growth coordination polymerization, the soluble high molecular weight linear poly(3-ethynylbenzaldehyde) has been prepared, which is the polyacetylene type polymer with reactive benzaldehyde pendant groups. The postpolymerization cross-linking of poly(3-ethynylbenzaldehyde) via a condensation reaction with various aliphatic, aromatic-aliphatic and aromatic diamines has been demonstrated as an efficient tool for the transformation of linear poly(3-ethynylbenzaldehyde) to polymer networks. The cross-linking has been proved to proceed under formation of cross-links of the Schiff base type containing two azomethine groups per one cross-link. In dependence on the cross-linking agent the extent of cross-linking varied from 20 to 100 %. Furthermore, the possibility has been demonstrated to cross-link a soluble linear poly[N-(4-ethynylbenzylidene)-4-terc-butylaniline] via postpolymerization transimination reaction with 1,4-phenylenediamine, again, under formation of cross-links of the Schiff base type containing two azomethine groups per one cross-link. A comparison of the covalent structure and texture of the prepared networks has revealed that the post-polymerization cross-linking using condensation reaction of poly(3-ethynylbenzaldehyde) with diamines can provide polymer...
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Ionic polyacetylene type polymers and polymer networks by catalyst-free quaternization polymerization
Faukner, Tomáš ; Zedník, Jiří (advisor) ; Balcar, Hynek (referee) ; Sedlařík, Vladimír (referee)
(Doctoral Thesis, 2016, Mgr. Tomáš Faukner, IONIC POLYACETYLENE TYPE POLYMERS AND POLYMER NETWORKS BY CATALYST FREE QUATERNIZATION POLYMERIZATION) The composition and structure of a series of ionic π-conjugated poly(monosubstituted acetylene)s prepared via catalyst-free quaternization polymerization (QP) of 2-ethynylpyridine (2EP) activated with equimolar amount of alkyl halide [RX = ethyl bromide, ethyl iodide, nonyl bromide and haxadecyl (cetyl) bromide] as a quaternizing agent (QA) have been studied in detail. The performed QPs gave ionic polymers well soluble in polar solvents, with approximately half of pyridine rings quaternized, which implies that also non-quaternized monomers were involved in the process of QP. The configurational structure of polyacetylene main chains was suggested based on 1 H NMR, IR as well as Raman (SERS) spectral methods. The QPs in bulk gave more expected irregular cis/trans polymers while the QPs in acetonitrile solution gave high-cis polymers. A series of prepared symmetrical bi-pyridylacetylene based monomers has been polymerized via QP approach resulting into a series of new ionic π-conjugated poly(disubstituted acetylene) type materials. It is therefore obvious that the mechanism of quaternization activation frequently applied on monosubstituted...
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