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Distance practical teaching and learning
Zdobinská, Helena ; Janštová, Vanda (advisor) ; Jedličková, Tereza (referee)
This diploma thesis describes practical activities and related topics during forced distant education due to COVID-19 pandemic. In the theoretical part of thesis, the distant education is defined. I also described some of its features, which includes absence of physical contact, use of communication platforms, synchrony and asynchrony form of lesson, need for some degree of independence and digital competence. Anonymous questionnaires were made to collect the data from students and their science subjects' teachers (biology, chemistry, and physics). The questions were with free answers, closed answers with choices or scale values. Respondents consisted of 543 students and 24 teachers from Prague and Central Bohemian Region. The answers were categorized and frequencies calculated. The values of numeric answers such as mean, median, minimum and maximum were measured. The relationship between data was analysed by Pearson's chi squared test of independence. This study shows that teachers used practical activities such as experiments, observation or creating something less in distance lessons, compared to their face to face lessons. On the contrary tasks based on text work were used more often. The analysis showed that students preferred tasks containing creating something. Most teachers taught in both...
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Fitness costs and benefits of sexual promiscuity in birds
Zdobinská, Helena ; Michálková, Romana (advisor) ; Sládeček, Martin (referee)
In more than 75 % bird species, extra-pair paternity (situation, when at least one extra-pair young in the nest is sired by other male than a social partner of female) has been found. While male interset in attending extra-apir copulations (EPC) seems to be intuitive (more offsring sired), female motivation to engage in EPC are much less clear and obvious. Therefore, many adaptive hypotheses have been proposed to explain female proscuity. Adaptive hypothese state, that female benefits from this behaviour (higher genetic quality of offspring). The empirical evidence for such benefits, however, are missing and adaptive hypotheses remain a controversial topic. This has led to the emergence of non-adaptive hypothesis, that assume that EPC can evolve as a by-product of selection on other trait and female may not benefit from this behaviour. However, non-adaptive hypotheses are often neglected. Aim of this bachelor thesis is to take into account benefits and costs for both sexes and to point out some of the limitations of studies on EPC. Key words: Extra-pair paternity, extra-pair copulations, promiscuity, adaptive hypothesis, nonadaptive hypothesis, sexual selection, limitation of studies
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Fitness costs and benefits of sexual promiscuity in birds
Zdobinská, Helena ; Michálková, Romana (advisor) ; Sládeček, Martin (referee)
In more than 75 % bird species, extra-pair paternity (situation, when at least one extra-pair young in the nest is sired by other male than a social partner of female) has been found. While male interset in attending extra-apir copulations (EPC) seems to be intuitive (more offsring sired), female motivation to engage in EPC are much less clear and obvious. Therefore, many adaptive hypotheses have been proposed to explain female proscuity. Adaptive hypothese state, that female benefits from this behaviour (higher genetic quality of offspring). The empirical evidence for such benefits, however, are missing and adaptive hypotheses remain a controversial topic. This has led to the emergence of non-adaptive hypothesis, that assume that EPC can evolve as a by-product of selection on other trait and female may not benefit from this behaviour. However, non-adaptive hypotheses are often neglected. Aim of this bachelor thesis is to take into account benefits and costs for both sexes and to point out some of the limitations of studies on EPC. Key words: Extra-pair paternity, extra-pair copulations, promiscuity, adaptive hypothesis, nonadaptive hypothesis, sexual selection, limitation of studies
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