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Factors affecting efficacy of pheromone lures for spruce bark-beetles
Zahradníková, Marie ; Holuša, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Emanuel, Emanuel (referee)
This thesis evaluates the effectiveness of defensive techniques against the spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) with a primary focus on pheromone traps and selected factors affecting their efficacy. The factors tested are the setup system of pheromone traps and type of pheromone dispenser baits, the effect on the efficacy of pheromone traps of increasing evaporated pheromones, a comparison of the biological efficacy of different types of pheromone dispensers and an assessment of their impact on the swarming curve. In addition, an evaluation of non-traditional methods of forest protection against the spruce bark beetle (water spraying of whole landings, efficacy of insecticidal sraying of whole landings, and the use of insecticidal nets) was conducted and the possibility of the spruce bark beetle s sex determination was also examined.
When comparing the systems of pheromone traps installation, (1) the standard way was along the stand edge with 20 m space and (2) traps concentrating in the centre of clear cut adjacent to each other with different baiting, the most effective way was found to be the standard trap arrangement and the system with traps installed in line with the dispenser in each pheromone trap. Efficacy decreased with a lower number of pheromone dispensers. The influence of increased amounts of evaporated pheromone on efficacy was tested. Pheromone traps with one, two or three dispensers were compared and it was found that a trap s efficacy was not increased with a higher amount of released pheromone. The Pheagr IT and IT Ecolure Tubus dispensers showed unchanged effectivity throughout the flight activity of spruce bark beetle, but other dispensers need to be replaced according to the instructions since their efficacy decreases, thus affecting the swarming curve. Trying to determine the sex of the spruce bark beetle by selected morphological parameters shows that the gender can only be reliably determined by an autopsy of genitals.
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Can I understand it?
Člověk v tísni, o. p. s. ; Bártová, Kateřina ; Cakl, Ondřej ; Dorůžková, Lucie ; Kadlecová, Markéta ; Kalibová, Klára ; Kubalík, Jiří ; Ludvíková, Miroslava ; Metelka, Petr ; Pospíchalová, Adéla ; Sedlášková, Petra ; Štampach, Ivan ; Toušek, Ladislav ; Vojtíšek, Zdeněk ; Zahradníková, Marie
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Relationship to Death and Burial Perception of the Students of the Faculty of Health and Social Studies
ZAHRADNÍKOVÁ, Marie
This work deals with issues concerning the death, burial and everything related. The main objective of this work was to determine how students of Social Work in Public Administration perceive this issue. Writing a bachelor thesis on this topic occurred to me after I attended the funeral of my grandfather. The funeral was held at the crematorium in Czech Budejovice and I was very surprised how impersonal impression it made on me. Due to this event, I thought it would be interesting to find out the attitude of the students who study a discipline which could bring them into this area (care for the dying, the bereaved, etc.). The work is divided into two main parts, namely the theoretical part and the practical part. The theoretical part deals with terms such as death, dysthanasia, tabooisation of death, dying and related phases commonly known as pre finem, in finem, and post finem. Furthermore, in this section you can find the most widespread conception - stages of dying by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross. Subsequently dying care issue, dying care options that are commonly utilized and palliative care necessarily attached appear in this thesis. This last issue has been included in the theoretical part, because I think that in institutions where palliative care is offered, help of the social worker is an important service. The theoretical part then focuses on the survivors, where professional counselling for survivors is mentioned as well, although it has appeared in our country just recently. Furthermore, in the theoretical part, you can find a brief history of funerals and burials not only in the Czech Republic, but also throughout the world, where the diversity of rituals is often determined by religion. And last but not least the issue of suicide is also mentioned in this part. In the empirical part the method of qualitative research was used. It was conducted using semi-standardized interviews. 10 communication partners, more precisely students of the Faculty of Health and Social Studies at the University of South Bohemia - branch Social Work in Public Administration, participated in the interviews. The interviews were carried out between 30 to 60 minutes in places that communication partners had chosen themselves. Individual interviews were recorded on a voice recorder and later transcribed. The questions were divided into three groups for the purpose of better evaluation. The first area was focused on understanding the terms, which had been used and explained in the theoretical part, the second circuit concerned death and dying in the future profession of the communication partners or in their experience and the last circuit to investigate whether they had already had any experience with death in the sense of attending the funeral and how they perceived their own mortality. Semi-structured interviews were analyzed using cluster method. The aim was to find out how full-time students - branch Social Work in Public Administration at Health and Social Faculty at the University of South Bohemia in Czech Budějovice perceive matters concerning the death and burial.
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