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Effect of sex on growth and formation of dorsal muscle of pigs
Fáberová, Gabriela ; Čítek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Zadinová, Kateřina (referee)
Effect of sex on growth and formation of dorsal muscule of pigs Summary The aim of this thesis is to determine the influence of gender on the growth and formation of the pigs dorsal muscle. Growth is one of the basic phenomenon characterizing living organism. Is a creation of nonliving to living matter. The amount of body mass is not constant through the life, it is changing significantly. In the early postnatal period is skeleton growing faster compared to muscles and fat then leads to faster growth of muscle and in the last period called maturity to the fattening. Evaluating growth has a significant gender effect. In case of pigs, it is common to feed barrows and gilts. Nowadays it begins to think about feeding of boars or the imunocastrates. Due to different hormonal activities we can expect different muscle and fat deposition. The task of this study was to clarify the influence of gender on the formation and growth of pigs dorsal muscle. There were 72 pigs tested in total. Pigs were housed in pairs in cotes and divided by gender for pigs, boars, imunocastrates and sows. This subpopulation of genotype DanBred animals were divided to 1/4 (18ks) uncastrated male pigs (K) 1/4 (18ks) hormonally castrated male pigs (I), 1/4 (18ks) barrows (V) and 1/4 (18ks ) gilts (P). Average live weight of pigs at the start of the trial was 28.5 kg, while the test was conducted to average 107 kg bodyweight. Through all time pigs were fed ad-libitum KKS. During the test it was monitored at weekly intervals individual live weight, back fat thickness at A, B, muscle depth at A, B and the total percentage of muscle for all categories of pigs. The obtained results show that the growth and formation of a long dorsal muscle are influenced by gender. When comparing the weight in a given period, we conclude that during the time the difference between gilts and imunocastrates grow up. Best growth had imunocastrates gilts similarly, only was there an earlier stop of the growth. The highest increase in fat and muscle measured at the A and B, occurred in pigs, in sows we can see increasing gains in fat with respect to the period in which they are fattening. Boars had the lowest backfat thickness, imunocastrates. With imunocastrates we evaluate low fat increase compared to the beginning of the observation. The biggest muscle depth measured at A and B had the barrows with gilts and imunocastrates and especially boars did not reach the values as barrows and gilts, who had the highest muscle depth. Biggest % of muscle was measured in sows. A large proportion of muscle can be seen in male pigs. The proportion of muscle mass of imunocastrates was under the average and worst ratio of muscle had especially at the end of feeding barrows indicating that with increasing age there is a significant fattening, compared to the remaining groups of pigs Keywords: pig, growth rate, muscle fibers
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