National Repository of Grey Literature 75 records found  beginprevious66 - 75  jump to record: Search took 0.00 seconds. 
The use of low organisms for bioassay testing
Váňová, Hana ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
The fact that many various substances produced by industry, metabolised and excreted by animals and human contaminate environment, became the major problem of present years. These substances have a negative effect on number of animals in different ecosystem levels, but retroactively also on human body. Nowadays, the most important substances are endocrine disruption chemicals (EDC) which have many negative effects. They disrupt the reproduction and regular development of animals and endocrine system of human (cancerogenic effect, lower quality of sperm). That is why it's necessary to test these substances. Testing of lower form of life is necessary for two reasons: Partly due to the regulations and legislative organs, which prefer the testing of invertebrates (so called alternative methods of testing) as well as due to the lowering occurrence of these organisms in nature, which has the implications on the whole ecosystem. My effort was to explain how EDC can interfere to inveretebrates life and other lower forms of life, to find their practical use for testing and the specific species for experiments, to classify endocrine active substances and to assess the effect of pharmaceuticals on environment.
Toxicity of thiosalicylanilides with invertebrate organisms
Čapková, Zuzana ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Macáková, Kateřina (referee)
Thiosalicylanilides are important biologically active substances. They have been used for they anthelmintic and antifungal activity for a long time. In recent years they were tested as substances potentially effective in the therapy of tuberculosis. This Diploma-Study presents the toxicity of newly synthesized thiosalicylanilides. As these substances are hardly soluble or practically insoluble in water, dimethylsulfoxide was succesful as a co-solvent in the experiments. The Artemia franciscana biotest was used as a screening method. These experiments were evaluated after a 24hours period and the EC50 values were calculated. This method is rapid, inexpensive and convenient for pre-screening toxicity tests. The toxicity order for the tested compounds was: 4' - bromo - 3,5 - dichlorothiosalicylanilide (13e) > 3,4',5 - trichlorothiosalicylanilide (13b) > 3', 4'- dichlorothiosalicylanilide (8c) > thiosalicylanilide (8a) > 5 - chlorothiosalicylanilide (12a) > 4'- methylthiosalicylanilide (8i).
The basic phytochemical research with respect to study of antioxidant activity in selected taxons of Eumycota division
Jovanovičová, Ana ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (referee)
VII. ANNOTATION OF THE DIPLOMA THESIS The scope of my diploma thesis was processing of 14 mushroom taxons that grow in the Czech Republic and preparation of their lyophylised extracts in standard conditions. Ethanolic mushroom extracts were separated using the Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) and specific structures were identified by selective group detections. The presence of substances such as sterols, phenols, amines and terpenoids was proved. Screening of antioxidant activity with DPPH test was also made. The highest activity was observed in the taxon Serpula lacrymans.
Ecotoxicological screening of the medicaments - Paralen tbl. and Panadol tbl.
Janečková, Petra ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee) ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor)
(EN) Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Petra Janečková Consultant: Mgr. Jitka Vytlačilová Title of thesis/dissertation: Ecotoxicological screening of the medicaments - Paralen tbl. and Panadol tbl. Paracetamol is an often-used medicinal substance from the group of analgetics-antipyretics. This thesis evaluates the influence of paracetamol contained in pharmaceuticals Paralen 500 tbl. and Panadol tbl., and of the paracetamol analytical standard on the environment. Three ecotoxicological tests and representatives of three trophic-level organisms were selected: a multi-generational test with the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis Ehr., a rapid screening test RapidtoxkitTM with the crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus Packard and an inhibition test of the germination of Sinapis alba L. seeds. The highest tested concentration of paracetamol was 2341,67 mg/l. The tests evaluated the inhibition of the protozoan's growth; the inhibition of the crustacean's food intake, and the inhibition of seed germination in higher plants. The most sensitive organism was the producer of Sinapis alba L., the least sensitive was the consumer Thamnocephalus platyurus Packard. The values of IC50 were calculated based on the results of...
Evaluation of antiprotozoal activity by Tetrahymena pyriformis
Osecká, Daniela ; Macáková, Kateřina (referee) ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor)
74 ABSTRACT Title of thesis Evaluation of antiprotozoal activity by Tetrahymena pyriformis Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Daniela Osecká Consultant: Mgr. Jitka Vytlačilová The protozoal pathogens are causing asymptomatic and symptomatic infections. The risk of the disease threatens to almost every man, therefore it is very important the antiprotozoal therapy. Tetrahymena pyriformis is a unicellular organism, which we tested out under the action of three substances, albendazole, mebendazole and ornidazole. We used two methods applied to measuring the viability of protozoan. It is a basic method for testing the inhibition of growth of the organism Protoxkit FTM using the conversion of food biomass in suspension of infusorian and MTT method, which uses the reduction of MTT dye (3 - [4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl] -2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide). Spectrophotometrically from the measured data, we build tables and charts, optical density, depending on the time of culture and calculated percent inhibition for five descending concentrations of test substance. Our aim was to determine whether all the test substances showing the antiprotozoal activity. The greatest toxicity showed albendazole (method Protoxkit FTM at the...
Ecotoxicological screening of the select drug III
Šilhavá, Tereza ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee) ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor)
Šilhavá Tereza, Ecotoxicological screening of the select drug III, (graduation thesis) Charles University in Prague, Pharmaceutical Faculty in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology; total number of pages: 61 At the present time, we are increasingly discovering the residue of medical drugs in the environment where they can continue to influence organisms found in nature. In our experiment, we were assessing the ecotoxicity of diazepam found in the medical drug Diazepam 5 mg in comparison with standard diazepam. When evaluating the toxicity, we were using the following organisms: unicellular Tetrahymena pyriformis, nauplii of Thamnocephalus platyurus, and seeds of Sinapis alba. It was revealed that the most sensitive organism was Sinapis alba. At the highest concentration of diazepam tablet, root growth was inhibited by up to 96.4%. Key words: ecotoxicology, diazepam, Sinapis alba, Tetrahymena pyriformis, Thamnocephalus platyurus
Ecotoxicological study of the select drug
Střílková, Dagmar ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (referee) ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor)
Dagmar Střílková, Ecotoxicologial study of the select drug, diploma work Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Ibuprofen, the effective substance of drug IBALGIN® 400 mg, belongs to widely used nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. It is primary used to treat most of the inflammatory illnesses. The renal excreting is the most important way of the final elimination. Ibuprofen can get into surface, ground and drinking water. Because of the interpretation of the result for impact on enviroment, the acute toxicity of this pharmaceutical was evaluated on organism of all the trophic levels. The green alga S capricornutum was chosen like the representative of the procedurs, which is used in 72 hour growth inhibition test ALGALTOXKIT F. Crustacean T platyurus of the series of the consumers was used in 2 next tests. The mortality of the larva of this crustacean is found out by means of 24 hour test THAMNOTOXKIT F. RAPIDTOXKIT evaluates the inhibition of the food receiving by the crustacean. 2 tests were done on the representative of the decomposer, T pyriformis. PROTOXKIT F evaluates the growth inhibition of this ciliate. MTT bioassay is based on the reduction of tetrazolium salt (MTT) by the mitochondrial dehydrogenace of viable cells in formazan....
Ecotoxicological Screening of the Select Drug II
Dubánková, Marianna ; Macáková, Kateřina (referee) ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor)
Dubánková, M. (2010) - Ecotoxicological Screening of the Select Drug II. Diplomová práce. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Quinolone antibacterial agents represent a chemically homogenous group of purely synthetic antibiotics which originated in the early 1960s and still play an important role in the antimicrobial chemotherapy. Quinolones (or more specific, fluoroquinolones) are frequently used in human therapy for treatment of both common and serious diseases (they are irreplaceable also against bioterrorist weapons, such as anthrax). Some of the fluoroquinolones are also among the most used veterinary antimicrobials, including their large-scale usage in aquaculture. Only in the Czech Republic, their annual consumption is in the order of millions of defined daily doses (DDD). Fluoroquinolones as entirely synthetic compounds do not have any natural source in the environment - therefore their occurrence in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems is the result of human activity. Excluding the direct application to the aquatic environment (prophylaxis and treatment of bacterial diseases in the aquaculture), the most common point of entry of fluoroquinolones into the environment is via the wastewaters. Numerous studies...

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