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Antiprotozoal activity of natural compounds
Muchová, Michaela ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
1 Abstract Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Author: Michaela Muchová Supervisor: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Antiprotozoal activity of natural compouds Increasing resistance to commonly used drugs in the treatment of protozoal infections has stimulated research of new drugs. Potential source of these new drugs could be found in natural substances. This thesis deals with testing of antiprotozoal activity of isoquinoline alkaloids berberine, palmatine and papaverine. The effect of individual tested compounds was observed on unicellular model organism Tetrahymena thermophila. Percentage inhibition of growth and reproduction of this protozoan was determined using 24-hour multi-generational test. Median inhibitory concentration 24hIC50 was calculated from the measured values. Papaverine showed the strongest antiprotozoal activity among testing compounds. Antiprotozoal activity decreased in the following order papaverine > palmatine > berberine. All alkaloids had stronger antiprotozoal activity than ornidazole, which was used as a standard antiprotozoal agent. Key words: antiprozoal activity, berberine, palmatine, papaverine, ornidazole, Tetrahymena thermophila
Phototoxicity and influence of the human health
Záborcová, Tamara ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
When the UV radiation strikes on the organism, it interacts with bioactive molecules, which leads to their changes with various consequences including mutations, cancerogenesis, photosensitivity and other disorders. This writing deals with UV radiation negative effects on human, diseases, which are induced by it, its utilization in medicine and also with photoprotection and possible modulation of damage induced by this radiation.
Evaluation of antiprotozoal activity by Tetrahymena pyriformis
Osecká, Daniela ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Macáková, Kateřina (referee)
74 ABSTRACT Title of thesis Evaluation of antiprotozoal activity by Tetrahymena pyriformis Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Daniela Osecká Consultant: Mgr. Jitka Vytlačilová The protozoal pathogens are causing asymptomatic and symptomatic infections. The risk of the disease threatens to almost every man, therefore it is very important the antiprotozoal therapy. Tetrahymena pyriformis is a unicellular organism, which we tested out under the action of three substances, albendazole, mebendazole and ornidazole. We used two methods applied to measuring the viability of protozoan. It is a basic method for testing the inhibition of growth of the organism Protoxkit FTM using the conversion of food biomass in suspension of infusorian and MTT method, which uses the reduction of MTT dye (3 - [4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl] -2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide). Spectrophotometrically from the measured data, we build tables and charts, optical density, depending on the time of culture and calculated percent inhibition for five descending concentrations of test substance. Our aim was to determine whether all the test substances showing the antiprotozoal activity. The greatest toxicity showed albendazole (method Protoxkit FTM at the...
Effect of Diclofenac on Autotrophic Organisms
Horáková, Veronika ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Abctract Mgr. Horáková Veronika, Effect of diclofenac on autotrophic organisms, (rigorous thesis) Charles University in Prague, Pharmaceutical Faculty in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Total number of pages: 67 A larger amount of medical substances and their influence on our environment are connected with their increasing consumption. This work is linked with the former dissertation on Eco-toxicological evaluation of non-steroid and anti-inflammatory medicaments and so for this reason there was spread the test spectrums of chronic toxicity of diclofenac. There were used The test of inhibition of germination seeds Lactuca sativa and The test of alga toxicity Desmodesmus subspicatus for assessment of chronic toxicity of diclofenac. There were found these values for diclofenac from these tests: The test of inhibition of germination seeds Lactuca sativa 72h IC50 0,16 mg/l (0,01 - 3,76 mg/l). The test of alga toxicity Desmodesmus subspicatus 72h IC50 671 nm: 41,30 mg/l (18,76 - 90,91 mg/l) and 750 nm: 23,60 mg/l (14,98 - 37,18 mg/l). Keywords: diclofenac, Lactuca sativa, Desmodesmus subspicatus
Environmental risk assessment of drugs
Mucalová, Adéla ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
Charles University in Prague Pharmaceutical Faculty in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Adéla Mucalová Consultant: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of thesis: Environmental risk assessment of drugs This work deals with pollution of the environment with human drugs. It suggests the most important ways in which drugs penetrate into groundwater and soil. It outlines the basic principles when considering whether to start watching and then set any action based on the results of the environmental risk assessment. The work is closely focused on oral antibacterial antibiotics and hormonal substances within the meaning of the evaluation of their distribution in the Czech Republic in 2011 and 2012. For this evaluation, the data on consumptions pack converted to kilograms using the following formula: distribution of the active substance (kg) = (power of the active substance (mg) / 1000 000) *contents *number of packages sold. It turned out that consumption of the two groups of substances in the Czech Republic is high, while the knowledge about the correct management of substandard drugs are relatively weak. Keywords: drug residues, waste water, antibiotics, steroid hormones
The basic phytochemical research with respect to study of antioxidant activity in selected taxons of Eumycota division
Jovanovičová, Ana ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (referee)
VII. ANNOTATION OF THE DIPLOMA THESIS The scope of my diploma thesis was processing of 14 mushroom taxons that grow in the Czech Republic and preparation of their lyophylised extracts in standard conditions. Ethanolic mushroom extracts were separated using the Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) and specific structures were identified by selective group detections. The presence of substances such as sterols, phenols, amines and terpenoids was proved. Screening of antioxidant activity with DPPH test was also made. The highest activity was observed in the taxon Serpula lacrymans.
Ecotoxicological study of the select drug
Střílková, Dagmar ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (referee)
Dagmar Střílková, Ecotoxicologial study of the select drug, diploma work Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Ibuprofen, the effective substance of drug IBALGIN® 400 mg, belongs to widely used nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. It is primary used to treat most of the inflammatory illnesses. The renal excreting is the most important way of the final elimination. Ibuprofen can get into surface, ground and drinking water. Because of the interpretation of the result for impact on enviroment, the acute toxicity of this pharmaceutical was evaluated on organism of all the trophic levels. The green alga S capricornutum was chosen like the representative of the procedurs, which is used in 72 hour growth inhibition test ALGALTOXKIT F. Crustacean T platyurus of the series of the consumers was used in 2 next tests. The mortality of the larva of this crustacean is found out by means of 24 hour test THAMNOTOXKIT F. RAPIDTOXKIT evaluates the inhibition of the food receiving by the crustacean. 2 tests were done on the representative of the decomposer, T pyriformis. PROTOXKIT F evaluates the growth inhibition of this ciliate. MTT bioassay is based on the reduction of tetrazolium salt (MTT) by the mitochondrial dehydrogenace of viable cells in formazan....
Evaluation of alkaloids using in vivo tests with Artemia salina II.
Bystrońová, Beáta ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Beáta Bystrońová Consultant: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The evaluation of alkaloids using in vivo tests with Artemia salina II. The most common cause of dementia in the elderly is probably Alzheimer's disease (AD). The prevalence of this disease increases considerably. Nowadays only acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are being used for the treatment of AD, they can relieve symptoms of AD, but can't stop progression of the disease. Consequently there is a need for therapeutic agents against AD, which act on various pathological levels. More intensive recent studies are being carried out on natural substances that could pharmacologically affect AD neurodegenerative processes. Our aim was to carry out the toxicological screening for each tested substance. For the purpose of this work we have used Artemia salina in the experiment which seems to be suitable organism for evaluating acute toxicity. The experiment was conducted in a miniature environment. Four substances which belong to isoquinoline alkaloids: stylopine, tetrahydropalmatine, canadine and scoulerine were tested. The greatest toxicity showed stylopine, slightly lower tetrahydropalmatine and...
Influence of plant biological protection on production of secondary metabolites of Papaver somniferum III.
Kaman, Petr ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Sklenářová, Hana (referee)
Kaman, P.: Influence of plant biological protection on production of secondary metabolites of Papaver somniferum III. Diploma thesis. Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Hradec Králové, 2018, 77 pp. Diploma thesis was aimed to verify the impact of biological protection on the production of alkaloids of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum, L.). Polyversum biofungicide was selected for this purpose, the active ingredient of which is oomycete Pythium oligandrum. The poppy tested were Orbis and Lazur high-morphine varieties. Extracts were prepared from the individual samples which were analyzed by HPLC. The following alkaloids were morphine, codeine, papaverine, noscapine and thebain. The average morphine content was around 0,5 %. The largest amount of 0,62 % was found in the poppyhead of untreated variant of the Orbis variety. Codeine for both varieties averaged 0,07 % in the poppyhead of untreated variant. Treated plants reached slightly lower values. The average papaverine content was around 0,01 % in the treated and also untreated variant, but only in poppyhead of the Lazur variety. Higher noscapine content was measured in the Lazur poppyheads, averaging 0,06 %. The content was only around 0,01 % for Orbis variety. The alkaloid content was...
Influence of agronomical practices and plant biological protection on production of secondary metabolites of Papaver somniferum II.
Cincibuchová, Veronika ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
Cincibuchová, V.: Influence of agronomical practices and plant biological protection on production of secondary metabolites of Papaver somniferum II. Diploma thesis. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové, 2013, 97 pp. The influence of agronomical practices as well as the use of biological plant protection on the production of major secondary metabolites, alkaloids morphine, codeine, papaverine, thebaine and narcotine was studied in four different varieties of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum L. In the experiment, the seeds of the Lazur, Orbis, Orfeus and OP-P-13 varieties were used, and Pythium oligandrum, the effective microorganism of the fungicide preparation Polyversum, was applied as a biological protection. Each variety was grown in three repetitions using the application of the biofungicide and in three separate repetitions without the use of the biofungicide. Alkaloids were isolated from the poppy through the process of extraction and then analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The biosynthesis of alkaloids was affected by many external factors, for example, drought and above average temperatures during the vegetation period of the poppy. The biological protection did not...

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