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Ecotoxicological evaluation of biologically active substances
Čeganová, Renáta ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Bc. Renáta Čeganová Supervisor: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Ecotoxicological evaluation of biologically active substances For the observation of the ecotoxicological effects was selected griseofulvin that can be used as antifungal drug and local anesthetic dibucaine hydrochloride. Their analysis was performed by using a multigenerational test with a protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila, Rotoxkit F test with a rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus and algal test with Desmodesmus subspicatus. The mortality or inhibitory effects of the test substances on the growth of organisms was observed. The most sensitive of the test organisms for dibucaine hydrochloride was rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus and for griseofulvin it was alga Desmodesmus subspicatus. Keywords: ecotoxicity, biologically active substances, endpoint, biotests
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Ecotoxicological screening of the select antibiotic
Psohlavcová, Zuzana ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Soldán, Přemysl (referee)
Psohlavcová Zuzana, Ecotoxicological screening of the select antibiotic, diploma thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty Of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Amoxicillin is one of the most frequently prescribed antibiotic. It belongs to the wide spektrum of aminopenicilin and it is excreted by diuresia in uncoverted condition of 60-75%. By means of urine and from waste dumps goes to surface waters, where it operates to the not target organisms. At valuation of the ecotoxicological effect of amoxicillin there we used the 24-hours test of acute toxicity on brine shrimp Artemia salina, L., rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus by means of the Rotoxkit F and the Rotoxkit F Chronic. Next we used the 72-hours test of inhibition of white mustard Sinapis alba, L. germination and the 30-minutes test of acute toxicity with tubificid worm Tubifex tubifex. We used drugs Augmentin® 625 mg and Ospamox® 375 mg/5 ml. Tests take place darkling and in action of UVA radiation 365 nm and we investigated with values of EC50 (the concentration which evoke the toxic efekt by 50% of population) for animals and for S. alba the value IC50 (the inhibitory concentration). The less sensitive organism againts incidence of amoxicillin was tubificid worm who seems to be the optimal by...
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Evaluation of biological activity using Artemia salina
Kvapilová, Radka ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee) ; Macáková, Kateřina (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Author: Mgr. Radka Kvapilová Supervisor: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of rigorous thesis: EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY USING ARTEMIA SALINA Traditional Chinese medicine originated in ancient China and has evolved over thousands of years. TCM therapist use herbal medicines and body practices. Nowadays, Chinese medicine continues to develop and is used by millions of people around the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of these products - Epimedii herba, Salviae miltiorrhizae radix, Zanthoxyli fructus pericarpium, Nelumbinis folium a Gardeniae fructus. The experiment was conducted on organism Artemia salina. These experiments were evaluated after the 24 hours and the LC50 values were calculated. Toxicity declined in order: Zanthoxyli fructus pericarpium > Gardeniae fructus > Nelumbinis folium > Epimedii herba > Salviae miltiorrhizae radix. Key words: Zanthoxyli fructus pericarpium, Gardeniae fructus, Nelumbinis folium, Epimedii herba, Salviae miltiorrhizae radix, Artemia salina.
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Influence of agronomical practices and plant biological protection on production of secondary metabolites of Papaver somniferum I.
Röslerová, Linda ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
73 Abstract Charles University in Prague Faculty of pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Author: Linda Röslerová Supervisor: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Influence of agronomical practices and plant biological protection on production of secondary metabolites of Papaver somniferum I. Poppy cultivation in the Czech Republic has a long tradition and the problem of poppy attacks by pests and diseases is increasing, therefore there is an interest to pursue the factors affecting the profitability of the poppy. The purpose of this diploma thesis is to monitor the infestation of the poppy treated by biopreparation Polyversum by helmintosporiosis and the mold of the poppy. Biological protection of plants is an innovative new method for treatment plants. The obtained results have been compared with control plants (plants with no protection). The contents of the majority alkaloids (morphine, codeine, papaverine, thebaine and narcotine) have been evaluated in the varieties Orpheus and OP-P-13 by the method HPLC. Plants from plots of variety Orpheus treated by Polyversum were not affected by the mold of poppy and were less contested by helmintosporiosis. Orpheus treated by Polyversum showed higher levels of morphine than the untreated one. Variety OP-P-13...
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Ecotoxicological evaluation of the non-steroidal and anti-inflammatory drug
Horáková, Veronika ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Horáková Veronika, Ecotoxicological evaluation of the non-steroidal and anti- inflammatory drug, (graduation thesis) Charles University in Prague, Pharmaceutical Faculty in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology; total number of pages: 67 There is getting more higher occurrence of residuals of healing substance connected with growing consumption of medicals in our environment, where they influence a range of organisms. In this work the ecotoxicity of diclofenac was monitored. Four tests of toxicity were selected for evaluation of this influence - one acute test (with Thamnocephalus platyurus), two semi-chronic tests (with Tetrahymena thermophila, Sinapis alba seeds) and one chronic test (with Brachionus calyciflorus). Values for diclofenac have been found from these tests: 24hEC50 5,058 mg/l - THAMNOTOXKIT FTM , 24h EC50 32,88 mg/l (23,07 - 46,86 mg/l) at 492 nm - more generation test with organism Tetrahymena thermophila, 48h EC50 1,363 mg/l (0,7848 - 2,366 mg/l) - ROTOXKIT F CHRONIC, 72h EC50 71,42 mg/l (62,51 - 81,60 mg/l) - a semi chronic test with Sinapis alba seeds. Key words: ecotoxicology, diclofenac, Tetrahymena thermophila, Thamnocephalus platyurus, Brachionus calyciflorus, Sinapis alba
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The use of low organisms for bioassay testing
Váňová, Hana ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Vopršalová, Marie (referee)
The fact that many various substances produced by industry, metabolised and excreted by animals and human contaminate environment, became the major problem of present years. These substances have a negative effect on number of animals in different ecosystem levels, but retroactively also on human body. Nowadays, the most important substances are endocrine disruption chemicals (EDC) which have many negative effects. They disrupt the reproduction and regular development of animals and endocrine system of human (cancerogenic effect, lower quality of sperm). That is why it's necessary to test these substances. Testing of lower form of life is necessary for two reasons: Partly due to the regulations and legislative organs, which prefer the testing of invertebrates (so called alternative methods of testing) as well as due to the lowering occurrence of these organisms in nature, which has the implications on the whole ecosystem. My effort was to explain how EDC can interfere to inveretebrates life and other lower forms of life, to find their practical use for testing and the specific species for experiments, to classify endocrine active substances and to assess the effect of pharmaceuticals on environment.
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Ecotoxicological study of fluoroquinolone antibiotics mixture
Křížková, Lucie ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Lucie Křížková Supervisor: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Ecotoxicological study of fluoroquinolone antibiotics mixture This thesis is focused on ecotoxicological evaluation of the risk of two fluoroquinolone antibiotics - ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. A multigenerational test with a protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila, which is based on the model of microbiotest of Protoxkit F, has been used for their evaluation. The inhibitory effect of the tested substances on growth and reproduction of organisms has been observed. The dependence between inhibitory effect and concentration of the pharmaceuticals had been detected, and than the values of 24h EC50 have been calculated. During the tests, the phototoxic potential of both antibiotics has been observed and also the mixtures of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin (1:1, 1:2, 2:1) have been tested. Keywords: ecotoxicity, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, Tetrahymena thermophila, phototoxicity
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Plants as source of coumarins
Staszková, Barbora ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical botanic and ecology Candidate: Barbora Staszková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Plants as source of coumarins Plants are source of a wide range of substances called secondary metabolites. These substances include also coumarins, derivatives of a lactone of o-hydroxycinnamic acid. They are found in many plant species and are specific especially for the family Apiaceae, Rutaceae or Fabaceae. They can be produced by some microorganisms. They have many effects in the treatment of vascular, gastrointestinal or infectious diseases. Properties, uses and sources some of these are the subject of this diploma thesis. KEYWORDS: coumarins, secondary metabolites, effects
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Evaluation of drugs mixture toxicity
Podlipská, Kateřina ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
Charles University in Prague Pharmaceutical Faculty in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Mgr. Kateřina Podlipská Consultant: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of thesis: Evaluation of drugs mixture toxicity In this thesis were evaluated two substances, ibuprofen, from the group of non-steroidal and anti-inflammatory drugs, and ciprofloxacin, from the group of fluoroquinolone antibiotics. These substances belong to drugs with the highest worldwide consumption and are very often detected in the environment. In this thesis was monitored chronic toxicity of these drugs and their mixtures by using Multigenerational toxicity test with the protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila. For ciprofloxacin was detected the value of 24hEC50 0,12 mg/l (0,11 to 0,14 mg/l), for ibuprofen was 24hEC50 0,18 mg/l (0,15 to 0,22 mg/l), for the mixture of ciprofloxacin and ibuprofen (in ratio 1:1) was 24hEC50 0,08 mg/l (0,07 to 0,10 mg/l), for the mixture of ibuprofen and ciprofloxacin (in ratio 1:2) was 24hEC50 14 mg/l (0,11 to 0,18 mg/l) and for the mixture of ibuprofen and ciprofloxacin (in ratio 2:1) was 24hEC50 0,19 mg/l (0,17 to 0,22 mg/l). Synergistic or additive effect of these two drugs in the mixture was not observed. Keywords: ecotoxicology, ciprofloxacin, chronic toxicity,...
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Toxicity of thiosalicylanilides with invertebrate organisms
Čapková, Zuzana ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Macáková, Kateřina (referee)
Thiosalicylanilides are important biologically active substances. They have been used for they anthelmintic and antifungal activity for a long time. In recent years they were tested as substances potentially effective in the therapy of tuberculosis. This Diploma-Study presents the toxicity of newly synthesized thiosalicylanilides. As these substances are hardly soluble or practically insoluble in water, dimethylsulfoxide was succesful as a co-solvent in the experiments. The Artemia franciscana biotest was used as a screening method. These experiments were evaluated after a 24hours period and the EC50 values were calculated. This method is rapid, inexpensive and convenient for pre-screening toxicity tests. The toxicity order for the tested compounds was: 4' - bromo - 3,5 - dichlorothiosalicylanilide (13e) > 3,4',5 - trichlorothiosalicylanilide (13b) > 3', 4'- dichlorothiosalicylanilide (8c) > thiosalicylanilide (8a) > 5 - chlorothiosalicylanilide (12a) > 4'- methylthiosalicylanilide (8i).
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