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Overview of knowledge about the fauna of major landscape units in the army left military area Brdy
Heichelová, Ilona ; Vrabec, Vladimír (advisor) ; Vejtrubová, Markéta (referee)
Military areas offer very specific living conditions for the many rare species. The military area Brdy has been closed for public till the end of the year 2015. From January 2016 it has become a nature conservation area. It is very implortant to continue taking care about the biotop the same way as it was before.
This thesis includes a detailed list of animals living in former military Brdy area. It is the base for considering how important it is to preserve the landscape of this area. According to literary sources was detected the presence of many species. For example: 15 species of spiders (Araneae), 958 species of beatles (Coleoptera), 9 diptera (Diptera), 16 Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera), 398 kinds of butterflies (Lepidoptera), 7 Neuroptera (Neuroptera), 4 kinds of crustacean (Crustacea), 73 kinds of mollusca (Mollusca). There were other vertebrate species found in the former military Brdy area. Such as: 14 kinds of amphibian (Amphibia), 115 birds (Aves), 52 kinds of mammals (Mammalia), 24 kinds of fish (Osteichthyes), 6 reptails (Reptilia).
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The status of Large Blues Phengaris population on the locality Labišťata near Přelouč
Myšková, Nikola ; Vrabec, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kulma, Martin (referee)
In 2015, two butterfly species Phengaris teleius and Phengaris nausithous from the family Lycaenidae (Lycaenidae) were studied to obtain the basic knowledge of their occurrences in the Labišťata area, Přelouč. The hypothesis was formulated: The population size of Phengaris butterflies at Labišťata area is same as the population of the nearly locality Slavíkovy ostrovy. To obtain required data the capture - recapture method was used. Subsequently, the population sizes of investigated species were estimated using MARK Sowtware.
At all fields of Labišťata area, there were totally identified 139 individuals of P. teleius (Bergsträsser, 1779) and 135 individuals of P. nausithous (Bergsträsser, 1779). The population estimations were then calculated as 224 resp 294 butterflies. In comparison with Slavíkovy ostrovy (with the estimated population 5 105 individuals of P. teleius and 1 045 individuals of P.nausithous), the populations of both species at studied locality were significantly lower. Therefore, we disapproved the hypothesis.
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Habits of dog owners in cities
Brabcová, Barbora ; Vrabec, Vladimír (advisor) ; Vejtrubová, Markéta (referee)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the habits of dog owners in cities. For this investigation was selected form online questionnaire. A total of 1,289 questionnaires were completed by the respondents on social networks. For my research, I chose interest groups focusing on specific breeds and breed groups generally focused on breeding and training dogs of any breed that occur on the social network. Method of obtaining the results is described in the methodology. These values are embedded in tables and graphs in the results. The aim is to prove or disprove the hypothesis tested whether the different treatment of dogs in cities, depending on the size of the breed. Breeds were divided into large exceeding 50 cm and a little under 50 cm. In cities large breed dog own 58.6 % of respondents and a small dog breed 28 %, the remaining 13.4 % are hybrids.
The questions in the questionnaire are focused primarily on walking, feeding, type of food served, visiting health clinics, hygiene care, visits to the training ground and exhibitions, sports activities and administration of the vaccines. Large breeds are walking more than 1 day, 56 % of small and 76 %. Dogs of all breeds are fed 1x 2 x daily in 90.9 % of cases and small breeds in 92.8 % of cases. The most demanded type of food granules, opting for a 59.2 % of the owners of large breeds and 59.6 % of the owners of small breeds. Veterinary clinic visits 1x per year, 91 % of owners of large breeds and 89.9 % owners of a small breed. Care about hygiene, the owners devote as follows: Large breeds 14.4 % daily, 37 % weekly, monthly, 35.1 %. Small breeds 18.3 % daily, weekly, 33.2 %, 30.2 % a month. Training Ground visits 64.6 % of the owners of large breeds and 41.8 % of the owners of small breeds. Among the participating owners of large breeds in 27.7 % of cases and small breeds of 24.9 % of cases. Sports activities to devote more owners of large breeds and 23.6 %. The vaccine lets applied for 63.4 % of the owners of large breeds and 54 % owners of small breeds.
Caring for large and small breeds are all different. Differences can be seen in the part of work focused on the movement, since all dogs have the same requirements for activities and also in part aimed at the farming method. The owners living in houses with gardens have more space than the owners living in flats and since it also depends on the results. I note that the hypothesis is rather refuted.
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Comparison of the lepidopteran fauna of selected protected areas in CR
Eichlerová, Barbora ; Vrabec, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kamil, Kamil (referee)
This master thesis is focused on butterfly research and their characteristic in three different regions in Czech republic. These regions were Čertova zeď, Suché skály and an area called Swamp. Inventory research was focused on butterflies encompassing the whole order (Lepidoptera), The research was done using recommanded methods coming from standard entomology practice.
Suché skály and Čertova zeď are predominantly forested enviroments with sandstone rocks, which are sought after by turists. In contrast, Swamp area is marshy.
Sampling of butterflies had two stages. Diurnal butterflies were observed during walking rounds (First stage), however since it took place in areas with low occurrence of meadow ecosystems, only a small number of butterflies were observed. Sampling of the nocturnal butterflies (Second stage) took place during late night hours.
124 species of butterfly were found in Čertova zeď national park, using inventory research. None of these species are mentioned in the Red list of endangered species, nor in the list of specially protected species. In the area of Suché sklály 98 species were found, belonging to 20 families, where only one of them is specially protected Papilio machaon (Linnaeus, 1758). In the last area Swamp, 170 species was found, whereas 8 of them belong to the Red list : Acronicta menyanthidis (Esper, 1798) .Arichanna melanaria (Linnaeus, 1758), Callopistria juventina (Stoll, 1782) ,Coscinia cribraria (Linnaeus, 1758), Drymonia obliterata (Esper, 1758), Eugraphe subrosea (Stephens, 1829), Hyles galii (Rottemburg, 1775) and Lithosia quadra (Linnaeus, 1758).
Tested hypothesis was that higher diversity of butterfly species is in areas with higher plant diversity. This hypothesis was confirmed.
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Seasonal rhythms and hibernation of European turtles as a problem for their breeders
Tocauerová, Štěpánka ; Vrabec, Vladimír (advisor) ; Vejtrubová, Markéta (referee)
The thesis is focused on the seasonal activity of the European terrestrial turtles, which can be kept in captivity.The following species have been dealt with: Testudo hermanni, Testudo graeca, Testudo marginata and Testudo horsfieldii. The analysis was supposed to confirm the hypothesis that the species that lives that the turtle species living in the north is also the species with the least requirements when it comes to the microclimatic conditions.
The first chapter deals with the characteristics of these species. Both their Czech and Latin name is listed, the most famous subspecies classified, so are the most famous subspecies, the area where they occur is described and their appearance, including the typical features, what they feed on, how they reproduce, what conditions they require if they are to be bred and how endangered they are.
The next part deals with the seasonal rhythms of the turtles. The year is divided into several seasons or phases, i. e. the post-hibernation phase, spring, summer, pre-hibernation phase and hibernation. In each phase there is a description of both the active and passive behaviour of the turtle and of the way this behaviour is influenced by the time of sunshine, air temperature, rainfall or other factors. Examples of specific turtle behaviour that has been observed in different areas of the Mediterranean Sea, where they can be observed in the nature are given. What follows is a general characteristics of the hibernation and estivation and an explanation of the difference between the two.
The next chapter deals with the conditions for the turtle hibernation as a part of the breeding process, such as the preparation of the turtles for the hibernation and the ways to help them do so safely in our country. Some of the turtle keepers' opinions on this important subject, the right way of hibernation can influence other important physiological processes of the turtles are mentioned.
Then the recommended conditions for turtle breeding in our country are described.
The final chapter is charted information about the chosen turtle species ( the size of the shell, the height above the sea level in which they occurr, whether they hibernate or estivate and whether they are listed in the Red Book of Endangered Species and the CITES lists.
The analysis of the informaton that has been collected shows that the hypothesis that was formulated in the beginning of the thesis can be almost confirmed and that the Testudo hermanni seems to be species that is the easiest to breed indeed.
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The Impacts of Non-native Species American Mink (Neovison vison) on Native Fauna
Moucha, Pavel ; Vrabec, Vladimír (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
The American mink is among the weaselly (Mustelidae) carnivore native to North America. It is a food opportunist living semiaquatic lifestyle. He is very well adapted to the new environment. And he was introduced by humans as a furry animal to many areas of Europe, Asia, South America and other areas. Secondarily often he escaped or were released into the wild, where he managed very well prosper and continue to reproduce. To the Czech Republic came as a furry animal in 20. to 30. years of the last century, in the wild he was then observed since the 60s.
This study examines the impact of American mink on our fauna, especially in view of the food spectrum. The research was conducted in the middle of the river Berounka in Křivoklát from December 2014 to December 2015. The aim of the study was to capture the largest possible number of minks during the summer and in winter. Another aim was whether mink dangerous for the local population of reptiles.
Trapping took place during the 552 trapping night. a total of 20 were trapped mink. This means that the average captured 1 mink to 28 trapping night. Of these 20 individuals were 5 females and 15 males. It caught up to 8 mink in the winter and 12 in the summer. Based on the analyzes were 7 mink (35 %) excluded from the analysis because of an empty stomach. The largest component of food mink accounted for 76.16 % mammals for example order: Rodentia eg. vole (Microtus arvalis), muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus). Other food components formed on the same level with a share of 7.69 % reptile grass snake (Natrix Natrix), birds (order: Passeriformes) and fish (class: Actinopterygii). The last component of food occurring in the samples was 0.77 % of the insects (orders: Coleoptera, Lepidoptera). In the analysis wasn´t detected representative of the class of amphibians (Amphibia). The food spectrum in the winter and summer season was no different. At-risk populations reptile shows finding snakes in the stomach mink. An important outcome of this study is also alert to legislative issues concerning the mink in the Czech Republic and the possible effects on the otter (Lutra Lutra).
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Comparison of haematological parameters selected groups of reptiles
Jenčík, Filip ; Vrabec, Vladimír (advisor) ; Koleška, Daniel (referee)
The thesis focuses on the comparison of selected groups of reptiles with respect to the composition of blood. The first part of the thesis analyses selected available reference works from the current perspective of understanding in both domestic and international sources. A great deal of attention is paid to the procedure of collection of blood samples, preparation of blood cell films and their analysis.
The thesis also comprises voluminous information on qualitative and quantitative aspects of haematology of lizards, turtles and snakes. The issue of differences in haemogram of selected group of reptiles is tackled taking into consideration the facts influencing the haemogram of the reptiles, such as the age and size of reptiles, seasonal changes, hibernation, the impact of the environment, nutrition as well as the method of breeding in - captivity or free range.
The second part of the work concentrates on the collection of blood samples, preparation of blood cell films, identification of blood elements of green iguana Iguana iguana (Linnaeus, 1758), red-eared slider Trachemys scripta (Thunberg et Schoepff, 1792) and red-tailed boa Boa constrictor (Linnaeus, 1758). The samples collected from these creatures were analysed as for representation of blood components (erythrocytes, haematocrit, haemoglobin, leucocytes, heterophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, azurocytes, eosinophils, basophiles) and the measured values were compared against the published irreferential values and within the group of these creatures.
Having analysed the blood cell films we have arrived at the conclusion that the morphological features of blood cells of the examined reptiles were identical with the parameters set out in the literature. Morphology of the blood cells of the monitored reptiles varies. Our results indicate that blood count as well as differential blood count of the examined creatures fits in the limits of the published referential works. The examined samples confirm the differences in numbers of individual types of blood cells of lizards, turtles and snakes. In summary it would be desirable to examine a larger number of creatures in order to obtain the optimal number of results.
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Risks arising from breeding and introduction of aquarium snails
Jarošová, Martina ; Vrabec, Vladimír (advisor) ; Jan, Jan (referee)
Information was gathered regarding all aquarium and already introduced alien snail species (Gastropods), which are being imported to Europe. For the integrity of the research non-native and aquarium clams (Bivalve) were also included. Profiles of species were created based on collected information and the data were subsequently used for creating questionnaires. Questionnaires of each species were processed by FI - ISK, version 1.19 screening tool. Score of invasiveness risk potential was evaluated for each species individually. Surveyed taxa were divided into three groups according to their scores: low risk, medium risk and high risk. Celetaia persculpta was evaluated as aquarium snail (Gastropods) with the lowest risk for native fauna of Czech Republic. According to the results, Pomacea maculata and Pomacea canaliculata are the aquarium snails (Gastropods) with the highest invasiveness risk potential. The riskiest introduced species is Potamopyrgus antipodarum. Scabies crispata and Hyriopsis bialata are clams (Bivalve) with the least risk for the native fauna of Czech Republic. Corbicula fluminea and Dreissena polymorpha were analyzed as clams (Bivalve) with the highest invasiveness risk potential. By comparing aquarium species with species that were already introduced into Czech nature, I conclude that the aquarium snails (clams) do not represent similar risk like the alien species that were introduced without the share of aquarists.
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Use of therapy with Garra rufa fish for human treatment
Nacvalač, Tomáš ; Vrabec, Vladimír (advisor) ; Svobodová, Veronika (referee)
Garra rufa inhabits the biotopes of the rivers, small streams, reservoirs and lakes and it does not belong to the popular ones. Its original occurrence is in Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. The fish lives at the bottom of streams and rivers, where the adhesive body sticks to the tissue to the bottom and rocks. Due to its low sexual dimorphism, its reproduction in captivity is more complicated. For its more effective reproduction, it is appropriate to prepare the spawning tank and induce suitable conditions (similar to conditions in the natural environment), like for example the rainy season. Garra rufa has currently become very popular, thanks to its use in ichtyotherapy and also that it is performed in so-called "fish pedicure". In some countries, this therapy is prohibited due to insufficient hygiene and poor rearing conditions. I have chosen the topic of my Bachelor thesis to focus and collect scientific evidence of information to improve the opinion of this type of therapy. In the work I cite use of the appropriate technical equipment used in the tanks, which increase the safety and quality of procedures for the fish as well as for people who pass through the general or local therapy with the help of Garra rufa fish. I processed the study also from the point of view of the risk of treatment when scientific teams tested the water in the tanks for the presence of bacteria, such as Mycobacterium marinum, Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus. And said possible modes of transmission of infection to the person undergoing the therapy. Not all uses of this fish are the only negative. Some may on the contrary be very useful. For example: Ichtyotherapy, the treatment of persons suffering from Psoriasis, Atopic Dermatitis, or Acne. The results of these therapies are very good and in compliance with the necessary health and safety recommendations are safe This fish is also beneficial in the field of aquarium hobby, especially for removing algae. According to one study, mentioned in my Bachelor thesis, Garra rufa positively affects the treatment of different species of fish incaset of an outbreak of infection in the tank. The work discusses about the current situation in the breeding and safety of the above-mentioned procedures in the Czech Republic. I processed this issue based on Ing. Jaroslav Macenauer experiences. He has provided me with the information about the origin of the imported fish, proper selection of tank equipment and about the level of care that is necessary to carry out during the procedures.
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Comparison of water bugs fauna in the landscape affected by mining in year 2016
Bubeníková, Jitka ; Vrabec, Vladimír (advisor) ; Josef, Josef (referee)
The thesis compares the composition of water bugs fauna in the foreland of Bílina surface mine and the reclaimed area of its waste heaps. The first part provides information about surface coal mining, its impact on the environment and the methods of treatment of thus disturbed land through reclamation and succession. Fauna of water bugs (Heteroptera) is characterized, with focus on water bugs from Nepomorpha and Gerromorpha infraorders.
During 2016, water bugs were collected by a sieve in 15 locations of the reclaimed area of Radovesice waste dump and Pokrok waste dump, and in 16 locations of Bílina foreground. Bugs were killed by 75% alcohol on the site and in dry condition categorised and classified. A list of found species was prepared for individual tanks. In total, 26 taxa were found (21 of them were classified as species), of which 18 taxa (14 species) in the foreground and 17 taxa (14 species) in the area of the waste heaps. In the richest habitats, an occurrence of 7 species at most was detected. The most frequently represented species was Nepa cinerea which was found in 9 locations.
The main objective of the thesis was to confirm/refute the hypothesis: Due to the good dispersion capability of water bugs, the representation of species in the foreland is the same as the species composition in the tanks that were newly established in the reclaimed area. The species similarity of individual locations was compared with each other by Jaccard's environmental index. Often, the value was 0% and only a small number of pairs of the compared locations reached the value of approximately 50% of the Jaccard's index. The highest value of 71.4% was found during comparison of locations Syčivka-Hetov in the area of Radovesice waste dump. Although the same number (14) of species of water bugs was recorded in the foreground and in the reclaimed area of Bílina surface mine, a significant difference was observed in their species composition. The species similarity of the two designated areas was only 33.3%. Based on the results, the hypothesis was refuted.
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