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Membrane technologies for agricultural wastewater treatment
Uhlířová, Marcela ; Touš, Michal (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
This thesis deals with an agricultural wastewater treatment (liquid digestate) by membrane technology. There is a fundamental description of characteristics of membrane technology with regard to application of agricultural wastewater treatment in this thesis. Experimental device for treatment of liquid digestate is designed and it consists of three steps – microfiltration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis. The first step consists of four filters with different pore sizes (80, 25, 10 and 5 µm). The second step is ultrafiltration and the third and key step is reverse osmosis. In the final step monovalent ions such as NH4+ are separated. Reverse osmosis consists of two stage system which results in higher recovery. Three experiments were carried out in order to verify the efficiency of separation dissolved solids.
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Treatment of waste from biogas plants
Budín, Oto ; Frýba, Lukáš (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on options of treatment of waste from biogas plants. The first part of this thesis describes biogas plants and its working. The main target of the thesis deals with waste from biogas plants – its creation, properties, composition and application. The thesis also includes an overview of legislative and environmental restrictions applying to the treatment of waste from biogas plants. The bachelor thesis also comprises an information about biogas plants Stanoviště.
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Waste heat recovery in a laundry care process
Križan, Andrej ; Bobák, Petr (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
Main purpose of this thesis is to explain the issue of waste heat from broader point of view. It´s substantial part therefore deals with various available methods of waste heat utilization and their analysis. Large part of the thesis is devoted to description and usage of heat exchangers, heat pumps and thermal energy storage. The main theme of the thesis is the use of waste heat from industrial laundry room. It also introduces the process of the professional maintenance service along with its specifications and parameters of waste streams from washing machines. Main goal of the practical part of the thesis is to design equipment which could be used to store waste heat from washing machines. This equipment is designed to be used for specific process in NETME Centre laboratory. In conclusion, thesis addresses the propposed equipment from the energetical and economical point of view.
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Biomethane production in biogas plants
Matoušek, Jakub ; Miklas, Václav (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the production of biomethane in biogas plants. The introductory part presents the operation of the biogas plant, its inputs, components, and products. The main part of the thesis deals with the perspective of biomethane in the Czech Republic and Europe and progressive technologies for the conversion of biogas to biomethane. The basic principle, advantages and disadvantages of each upgrade method are given. Common technologies at the level of commercial readiness include high pressure water scrubbing, organic physical scrubbing, chemical scrubbing process, pressure swing adsorption and membrane separation. The mentioned methods of biogas upgrading are evaluated and compared with regard to their practical applicability in the Czech environment.
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Progressive methods for waste water treatment
Doležalová, Adéla ; Konečná, Eva (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
This bachelor thesis contains a description of progressive separation methods for wastewater treatment. It deals with the basic principles of separation methods, including membrane processes, sonolysis, ozonization, photolysis and photocoalysis. Their strengths and weaknesses are also described. Part of the thesis is also evaluation and comparison of individual technologies with regard to their practical applicability.
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Paralel Interface controlled by USB
Vondra, Marek ; Vařacha, František (referee) ; Prokeš, Aleš (advisor)
Bachelor‘s work is bent on usage busbar USB, in this case on interface inverter USB –> 14-bit parallel port, whereupon subsequently will add next device namely quadrature modulator. Busbar USB was elect thanks his universality as well as possibilities transfer data big at speeds of to the of other incorporate arrangement. Work further deal with resources for performance problems, especially so analysis selection fit type controller for USB, his setting and programmed, programmed drivers for system Windows as well as service programme in system Matlab. Bachelor‘s work tie together on diploma work Ing. Igor Majko, because choice controller was in either event same that the suggested construction inverter and foreshadowed possibility next progress in buckthorn problems.
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Methods for separation of ammonia from waste water
Zendulka, Štěpán ; Touš, Michal (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
The main concern of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of methods for ammonia separation from wastewater that have been discovered so far. The elementary differentiation is based on technological principle – biological and physical-chemical. Also, the thesis examines all methods from the „conventional or progressive“ point of view, which shows if the method is commonly used or is still in an experimental set up. Furthermore the focus is on classification of methods on „eliminating ammonia“ or „recovering ammonia“. This is closely connected to the economical aspects of each method which is also one of concerns of this thesis. Some of the methods are described with further details as there has been a recent progress and upgrading of these methods. It is air stripping and membrane methods. More attention is also provided to bioelectrochemical systems as it is proclaimed as one of the most suitable candidates for usage in the future. Last part of this work compares selected methods in terms of the ammonia elminiation or recovery efficiency and also power demand.
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Integration of a technology for digestate thickening in a biogas plant
Miklas, Václav ; Touš, Michal (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
This diploma thesis is mainly focused on the digestate thickening in a biogas plant. First, overview of the biogas technology in the Czech Republic is presented. Furthermore, problems with waste heat utilization and processing of fermentation residues (digestate) are described in more detail. Based on the research, multi-stage flash (MSF) evaporation was chosen as the technology for the digestate thickening. The main part deals with the integration of the chosen technology into a biogas plant process. The programming language Python was used to simplify the given task. In the preliminary stage, a complex mathematical model of a biogas plant was created, focusing particularly on the mass and energy balances. Subsequently, a computational model of the MSF evaporator was programmed. A procedure for the integration was suggested using the sensitivity analyses. Additionally, the model of a biogas plant was extended with the MSF evaporator. The key outcome of the thesis is a technical-economic analysis in which the impact of digestate transport price and electricity feed-in tariff on payback period is investigated. The results suggest profitability of MSF evaporator for biogas plants without subsidized feed-in tariff. Contrastingly, installation of MSF evaporator in older biogas plants with subsidized feed-in tariff can be economically viable only in cases of significantly longer transport distances.
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Improving energy efficiency in industry
Kovář, Štěpán ; Vondra, Marek (referee) ; Touš, Michal (advisor)
This Bachelor Thesis deals with the increase in energy efficiency in industry. The energy consumption is globally one of the cardinal topics. A significant part of the energy is consumed by industry, and therefore it is necessary to search for such measures to increase the energy efficiency of industrial processes. Current attitude aims at the installation of more effective machines, devices or the waste heat recovery. This approach can lead to massive investment requirements of energy audits which means that the motivation of the enterprises to implement such audits is lowered. Especially the scientific community is concerned with the possibilities of process optimization from the point of settings and process integration, production planning, using software solutions. Both approaches are analysed from the potential of their use in this thesis.
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Methods for separation of ammonia from waste water
Bajzík, Martin ; Touš, Michal (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is focused on the methods of separation of Ammonia from the wastewater. The introduction of the thesis defines Ammonia, its characteristics, natural sources, production and utilization of it. The main part of the thesis describes and rates the twelve methods used for the separation of Ammonia from the wastewater. There is a description of a principle, the advantages and disadvantages of the methods in consideration of their utilization in practice, by each technology. In the experimental part of the thesis are described the outcomes of efficiency measurements of the stripping device and their comparison with the results stated in scientific literature. The thesis represents the primar overview and introduction into the theme for laymen and experts, who are unfamiliar with the topic and would like to examine it.
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