National Repository of Grey Literature 19 records found  1 - 10next  jump to record: Search took 0.00 seconds. 
The influence of gut microbiome on NAFLD development
Herbstová, Kateřina ; Horáková, Olga (advisor) ; Vodička, Martin (referee)
The composition of the intestinal microbiome (i.e. the set of microorganisms living in the intestines) can significantly contribute to the overall function of the host organism, its state of health and the development of diseases. The aim of this works is to describe the possible connections between the gut microbiome and the development of NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). NAFLD is a disease caused by excessive storage of fat hepatic cells not due to alcohol abuse.
Fabrication and characterisation of plasmonic antennas on selected thin film with aim to get enhanced absorption due to presence of strong coupling
Vodička, Martin ; Kepič, Peter (referee) ; Liška, Jiří (advisor)
Strong coupling systems offer many important applications in various fields such as photonics, chemistry, nonlinear optics and others. This Bachelor's thesis focuses on the fabrication of metal plasmonic structures suitable for the formation of strong coupling between localized surface plasmon antennas and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) thin film phonons in the infrared region. In the case of inducing a strong coupling, an increase in absorption should occur, which makes it possible to use this system to fabricate an infrared detector, the so-called microbolometer. The thesis summarizes important findings from electromagnetic field theory, describes the formation of strong coupling from the perspective of classical physics and gives examples of systems with strong coupling. Furthermore, the formation of surface plasmon polaritons and localized surface plasmons (LSPs) is theoretically described. Plasmonic antennas, their fabrication, applications and physical properties of hBN are described. In the practical part of the thesis, fabrication of plasmonic antennas under or on hBN thin film has been realized. The fabricated samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and the spectral response was measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In the spectra, the absorption of hBN at 7.3 m was confirmed and additional transmittance minima corresponding to the presence of antennas were detected. The presence of a strong coupling between the LSPs antennas and the phonons of the native SiO2 layer was probably observed. Whether there was a strong coupling between the LSPs antennas and the hBN phonons cannot be inferred from the the obtained results.
The role of intestinal microbiota in the development of Alzheimer's dementia
Hakenová, Kristina ; Valeš, Karel (advisor) ; Vodička, Martin (referee)
Preserving health at a higher age depends on the function of biological homeostatic systems (neural endocrine and immune activities), where the biological interaction between these systems and the intestinal microflora plays a key role. One of the most serious diseases associated with aging is Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and it is the most common cause of dementia in the world. This disease is accompanied by cognitive impairment associated with accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary fibres in brain tissue. Naturally, biological changes occur during the process of aging, resulting in reduced functional capacity of the organism, accompanied by an increased risk of inflammatoryprocesses involved in the etiology of several chronic, pathologies, including neurodegenerative processes. These modulatory processes are associated with oxidative stress and intestinal dysbiosis. It is already well documented in the scientific literature that significant changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota occur in aging. These changes can lead to several biological changes, including increased permeability of the intestinal barrier, thereby causing the increased penetration of many biologically active substances into the body. This may be a risk factor for the development of inflammation in both...
Forced swimming test and mechanisms of depression
Janďourková, Pavla ; Nekovářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Vodička, Martin (referee)
Depression is a severe psychical disorder belonging to affective disorders. Nowadays, it belongs to the most common psychical disorders and prevalence is between 5 % to 16 %. An animal research is essential to study mechanisms of depression. One of the models of the depression uses a forced swimming test in the animal research. Even though this test does not claim to model depression in all complexity, it has very predictive validity and mostly it is used to assess effects of antidepressant (on the basis of observation of changes in the behaviour of the experimental animals). The aim of this thesis is to review the neural mechanisms of depression and to compare them with mechanism which can be applied in the forced swimming test and affected by the antidepressants. Key words: forced swimming test, depression, neurotransmitters, antidepressants, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
The effect of prefrontal and posterior parietal lesion on behavior in behavioral tests of spatial cognition
Vodička, Martin ; Telenský, Petr (advisor) ; Svoboda, Jan (referee)
The effect of prefrontal and posterior parietal lesion on behavior in behavioral tests of spatial cognition In this thesis we examined the effect of prefrontal and posterior parietal cortex lesions on rat behavior. Medial prefrontal cortex is involved in working memory, behavioral flexibility and coding of spatial goals. Rats were tested in carousel maze in room frame reversal task and consequently in arena frame task on dark arena. We observed, that the lesion of medial prefrontal cortex did not disrupt the reversal learning task, but the rats were impaired in initial learning of the task. No difference was found in arena frame task. Posterior parietal cortex has a role in attention processes and takes part in processing spatial information and long term memory. Rats with bilateral lesion of posterior parietal cortex were tested in battery of tests on carousel maze (reversal learning, double avoidance) and in Morris water maze (distal landmark version and modified version with intramaze landmarks). Lesioned animals were impaired in carousel maze task in reversal learning of room frame represetation. This effect was confirmed in double avoidance task, where lesioned animals had more entrances into room frame than the controls. In Morris water maze task, lesioned animals were impaired in intramaze...
Use of dynamic environments in the study of spatial memory
Staňková, Anna ; Svoboda, Jan (advisor) ; Vodička, Martin (referee)
Spatial memory allows movable organisms to orientate and stay therefore alive in an environment. At the beginning of previous century general rules of spatial memory were studied in static experimental conditions. Today's goal is to extend knowledge about its function also in dynamic environment. As a part of declarative memory, spatial memory depends on proper functionality of hippocampus. Hippocampus is considered to be centre of spatial memory not only because of spatial impairment when damaged, but also thanks to presence of place-specific neurons in several areas of hippocampus. In research of spatial memory experimental mazes are used with possibility to manipulate with orientation cues, maze itself and surrounding conditions. It is possible to make one-shot changes or continual changes. It could be rotation of cues and landmarks, transition of maze across the room, rotation of maze etc. Tasks in dynamic environment are more demanding on cognition and so spatial orientation, which makes them more sensitive to damages of spatial memory. This could be the way of using them as a diagnostic method in medicine.
The effect of stress on regulation and regeneration of glucocorticoids in animal models differing in response of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis
Vodička, Martin ; Pácha, Jiří (advisor) ; Svoboda, Jan (referee) ; Bendová, Zdeňka (referee)
Stress reaction is usually activated by the brain, when homeostasis is or perceived to be threatened. The stress signals are transmitted from the brain by two main branches; the sympathoadrenomedullary and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axes and employ neural, humoral and immune pathways to cope with the stressor. Because of its potency, the stress reaction has to be precisely regulated. The HPA axis is regulated by feedback loops where its end product, corticosterone in laboratory rat and mouse, inhibits its activity. The effect of corticosterone does not depend only on the concentration of corticosterone but also on local metabolism of glucocorticoids via oxo-reduction catalyzed by the enzyme 11β -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (encoded by the Hsd11b1 gene), which intracellularly regenerates active corticosterone from inactive 11-dehydrocorticosterone, or by extra-adrenal de novo steroidogenesis of glucocorticoids. We focused on analysis of stress response in experimental animals differing in HPA axis responsivity (Fischer 344 rats (F344) vs. Lewis rats (LEW) and germ-free (GF) vs. specific pathogen free mice (SPF)) with special emphasis on regulation of stress response, glucocorticoid regeneration and influence of gut microbiota. We found that stress modulated local regeneration of...
Influence of intestinal microbiota on development of neurodegenerative diseases
Hakenová, Kristina ; Valeš, Karel (advisor) ; Vodička, Martin (referee)
Aging is associated with natural biological changes, which result in a decrease in the functional capacity of the body, which is also accompanied by an increased incidence of inflammatory processes that contribute to the development of neurodegeneration. The intestinal microbiota and its interaction with the intestine and the central nervous system play a key role in maintaining the function of biological homeostatic systems at an older age. This opens the possibility of influencing or modifying human microbiota for the development of therapeutic strategies. Based on the analysis of stool samples by HPLC MS / MS, the study confirmed the effect of selected probiotics on the modification of metabolic pathways and the proper functioning of the microbiota per se. The greatest effects were observed on tyrosine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism and bile acid biosynthesis metabolism. A positive effect of selected probiotic bacteria was found in the memory component of cognitive functions. Significant improvements were observed in verbal learning and verbal memory. In subjects with mild cognitive impairment, the progression of cognitive deficit has been slowed. Significant improvement was also observed for executive functions. These findings were not followed by a subjective...
The role of intestinal microbiota in the development of Alzheimer's dementia
Hakenová, Kristina ; Valeš, Karel (advisor) ; Vodička, Martin (referee)
Preserving health at a higher age depends on the function of biological homeostatic systems (neural endocrine and immune activities), where the biological interaction between these systems and the intestinal microflora plays a key role. One of the most serious diseases associated with aging is Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and it is the most common cause of dementia in the world. This disease is accompanied by cognitive impairment associated with accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary fibres in brain tissue. Naturally, biological changes occur during the process of aging, resulting in reduced functional capacity of the organism, accompanied by an increased risk of inflammatoryprocesses involved in the etiology of several chronic, pathologies, including neurodegenerative processes. These modulatory processes are associated with oxidative stress and intestinal dysbiosis. It is already well documented in the scientific literature that significant changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota occur in aging. These changes can lead to several biological changes, including increased permeability of the intestinal barrier, thereby causing the increased penetration of many biologically active substances into the body. This may be a risk factor for the development of inflammation in both...

National Repository of Grey Literature : 19 records found   1 - 10next  jump to record:
See also: similar author names
1 VODIČKA, Matěj
3 Vodička, Marek
2 Vodička, Michal
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