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The Pre-puberty Children with Muscle Imbalances
Fiřtová, Šimona ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Vančata, Václav (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the problem of muscle imbalances in pre-pubertal children and its relationship with their free time activities. The selected exercises were tested for the muscles involved in the lower and upper cross syndrome. On the basis of the measured results, the frequency of shortened / weakened muscles and muscles in the physiological standard were compared. A questionnaire survey was used to identify preferences of children concerning leisure activities. Based on the data obtained from the comparison of the data found in the questionnaire and the results measured during the testing of the muscles, the following topics were addressed: Whether the muscular condition is influenced by the sex, the frequency of sport activities performed and the type of sport practiced. In addition, the influence of parents' and their lifestyle.
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Comparison of the Digestive Systems and Food Intake of the Angolan Colobus Monkey and Ruminant Even-toed Ungulates
Vika, Radoslav ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Řezníček, Jan (referee)
The Dissertation treats the exacting wards of the zoological gardens - Colobus guereza, Colobus angolensis and Colobus polykomos. The first part summarizes the knowledge of breeding especially in our zoological gardens. Special attention is payed to feeding which is considered as a limiting factor of breeding. The following part compares morphology of the digestive tract of the Colobinae with the other herbivores and with the other monkeys, especially from the point of view of morphology. In the end of the Disseration, an informative experimental observation of cellulose (roughage) digestion is described. Key words: multiple-compartment stomach, Angolan colobus, artiodactyls, digestive system, cellulose digestion
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Communication Skills of Apes with Humans
Valterová, Bára ; Hlaváčová, Lucie (advisor) ; Vančata, Václav (referee)
This work is a literature search on the ability of apes to communicate not only among themselves but especially with people. Its goal is to clear up the level of this communication ability as well as to discuss different ways how to teach apes such communication. The introduction deals with the systematics of the superfamily Hominoidea and the specific characteristics of its groups. Next part is about the level of the apes' intraspecific (ape-to-ape) communication and their ability of logical thinking. The main part of the work consists of a detailed study of particular experimental projects dedicated to the abilities of apes to communicate with humans. These projects were trying to teach apes to speak English (e.g. project Gua) or to teach them an artificial language (e.g. project Sarah) or to teach them American Sign Language for deaf-mute people (e.g. project Washoe). The studied projects show that at least some apes educated in captivity are able to understand spoken English and to actively use the sign language or a graphic symbol based language. They can use hundreds of signs in such languages, they are likely to use a simple grammar and they are able to put together sentences with more than three words. Moreover, they are able to create new terms on their own, to categorize and to use...
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Locomotion and behaviour in group of pig-tail macaques (macaca nemestrina) at Prague Zoo
Vlčková, Marcela ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Vančatová, Marina (referee)
This essay describes and analyzes of locomotion, sexual, afiliativní and agonistic behavior in a group of pigs macaque (macaca macaques) at Prague Zoo. Data collection took place in the period from December 2015 to May 2016. In the winter months (December to March) at the times from 9.00 to 16.00 hrs., And in April and May 2016 in time from 9.00 to 18.00 pm. The total observation period reached 240 hours. Data were analyzed using Statistics 12th and MS Excel 2007. Objectives of the work are three: (1) Based on the research literature to describe the behavioral ecology of macaque monkeys. (2) The detailed description and analysis of locomotion, sexual, afiliativní and agonistic behavior in a group of macaque pigs in the Prague Zoo. (3) Describe grooming, depending on time of day and social position in the group of pigs macaque in the Prague Zoo. We tested five hypotheses, which can be divided into four categories. We first investigated the hierarchy of the group. Furthermore, we investigated the behavior depending on the sex of the individual, and consequently the position in the hierarchy. In the last part we dealt with in detail during grooming. Tests confirmed the existence of a clear linear hierarchy based on agonistic interactions. The results showed that move around the enclosure depends on...
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