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Role of thermal near field in cryogenic Rayleigh-Bénard convection
Věžník, Tomáš ; Schmoranzer,, David (referee) ; Urban, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the eect of the thermal near feld (NF) radiation on (i) the onset of Rayleigh-Bénard convection (RBC) and (ii) the thermal inuence on the temperature sensors used in RBC studies. In the frst part, the theoretic base for both studied areas, RBC and NF, is presented. Further, the ways of fnding the onset of RBC, the temperature profles, the basic equations for heat transfer in far feld and near feld and the description of the apparatus used for the measurements of radiative heat transfer are given too. In the practical part, the process of measurement is presented and the model that we obtained for describing the dependence of the coefcient of radiative heat transfer between two Cu surfaces is demonstrated. Afterwards, the data are used to analyse the eect of NF on the onset of convection, and to calculate the inuence on the temperature profle measurements with cryogenic temperature sensors and, at last, the comparison of total heat transferred over the experimental cell with NF heat transfer over the thermal boundary layers arising in RBC is done. A goal of this thesis was to fnd out whether the eect of NF can explain the contradictory results of determining the onset of convection in cryogenic RBC (expressed by critical Rac) based on the measurements of the heat transfer in RBC and of the eectivity of heat transfer at high values of Ra numbers in cryogenic experiments. The current evaluations clearly demonstrate that the eect of NF on studied phenomena is by several orders of magnitude smaller than other relevant eects and can thus justly be neglected.
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Design and verification of low temperature parts of UHV SEM/SPM stage
Pola, Tomáš ; Vlček, Ivan (referee) ; Urban, Pavel (advisor)
This thesis focuses on experimental verification and experimental-based improvements of designed low temperature parts of stage of the UHV SEM/SPM microscope, which operates in temperature range from 20 K to 700 K. The main focus is on the functionality verification of thermal insulation pad (InBallPad) as well as on the effect of length and contact quality of braid on minimal achievable temperature. The contact quality of sample holder with sample carrier realized with two springs is investigated together with influence of thermal contact resistances on achievable temperature. The thesis also contains a calculation model used for cooldown times and minimal temperature estimation. In the conclusion of this work several future experiments are suggested which could explain some of the observed, yet unexpected, phenomena.
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Design of a sample holder with electrical contacts for UHV SEM/SPM
Krutil, Vojtěch ; Vlček, Ivan (referee) ; Urban, Pavel (advisor)
The presented thesis focuses on designing a sample holder for an UHV SEM/SPM microscope suitable for using in low temperature (20 K - 300 K) applications. This newly designed sample holder is equipped with ten spring-loaded contacts for electrical connection of a transport pallet to the sample holder, which will be equipped with a temperature sensor and a heating element. Two quadruples of contacts are reserved for the sample and the temperature sensor and the remaining pair for the heating element. A thorough research study of commercially available sample holders indicates that the holders for the intended use are not available on the market. In the low-temperature tests of the newly designed sample holder, the limit temperature of the 24 K was reached in a test vacuum chamber with a flow cooling system. The ambient temperature was 300 K. The contact function was successfully verified by measuring the transient electrical resistance at the fixed and the spring contact sections. Additionally, a modification of the sample holder for high temperature (300 K - 700 K) was suggested.
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Cryogenic cell for study of water ice in ESEM microscope
Krutil, Vojtěch ; Kubíček, Jaroslav (referee) ; Urban, Pavel (advisor)
The presented thesis focuses on designing a cryogenic cell for the study of water ice in an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). This cell allows the study ice in the temperature range 80 K – 300 K in a nitrogen gas environment with a pressure of up to 400 Pa. The cell is cooled by a flow cooling system, where liquid or gaseous nitrogen is used as a refrigerant. The cell consists of a double-walled vessel with vacuum insulation, a flow-through heat exchanger, a sample well, and a cooled cell lid. The heat exchanger was designed to be able to dissipate the heat load at the level of 1 W. The exchanger is equipped with an electric resistance heater with an output of approximately 60 W, enabling heating of the sample at speeds of up to 100 K·min-1. The design also includes an LN2 gateway located on the door of the vacuum chamber of the microscope, to which the capillaries of the heat exchanger for the intake and outlet of refrigerant are connected. During the experimental verification of the cryogenic cell in the test vacuum chamber with a pressure of GN2 ~ 400 Pa, the limit temperature of 77.5 K on the sample well was reached.
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Business Plan for Nutrition Centre Establishment
Urban, Pavel ; Švec, Marek (referee) ; Bayerová, Vladimíra (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the elaboration of a business plan for the establishment of a nutrition center in Olomouc. In the first part, there are elaborated the theoretical starting points for the business plan, and then the thesis deals with analyses and a segmentation of the market. Based on this information the proposal of the business plan is elaborated.
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The Study of the Contract Award in Selected Company
Urban, Pavel ; Ing.Miloslav Krejbych (referee) ; Jurová, Marie (advisor)
The main topic of this bachelor thesis is to make a draft of process of contract in the company to maximum satisfaction with a focus on delivery schedules, quality and costs. Specifically in the company Cimbria HMD Ltd. Litomyšl which deals with manufacturing and servicing of after-harvest machinery. The theoretical part deals with information about project management. According to identified deficiencies from analysis of the current status of the contract, I deal with on its improvement.
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Helium Cryostat for Experimental Study of Natural Turbulent Convection
Urban, Pavel ; Jícha, Miroslav (referee) ; Rotter, Miloš (referee) ; Fedor,, Ján (referee) ; Musilová, Věra (advisor)
V disertační práci je popsán heliový kryostat s experimentální válcovou konvekční celou pro studium proudění při přirozené konvekci za velmi vysokých Rayleigho čísel Ra (až do řádu 10^15) a Nusseltových čísel Nu (až do řádu 10^4). Pracovní látkou je studené 4He, které umožňuje díky výhodným fyzikálním vlastnostem dosažení velmi vysokých hodnot čísel Ra. Návrh kryostatu je založen na koncepci lázňových NMR kryostatů s nízkým odparem kryokapalin. Ve středu kryostatu je umístěna konvekční cela o průměru 300 mm a výšce 300 mm. Celu tvoří horní a spodní dno a výměnná střední část. Tyto díly jsou spojeny rozebíratelnými přírubami těsněnými indiovým drátem. Výměnná část umožňuje snadnou modifikaci geometrie cely. Hlavní přednost kryostatu spočívá v minimálním vlivu konstrukce cely a použitých materiálů na studovanou konvekci. Cela kryostatu je navržena pro pracovní tlaky do 250 kPa.
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Design and verification of low temperature part of UHV – STM microscope
Voňka, Jakub ; Rotter, Miloš (referee) ; Urban, Pavel (advisor)
The diploma thesis addresses the design and experimental verification of cooling system and low temperature part of UHV - STM working in temperature range of 20K - 300K. Due to the demand of variable temperature, the flow cooling system with cryogenic (~5 K) helium (He) is used. Two variants of the low temperature part of the microscope are studied. First the version with cooling only the sample holder, and second with cooling of the whole STM. Designed cooling system consists of He flow cryostat allowing to connect it to the Dewar vessel with liquid helium (LHe) using a low-loss transfer line. The cryostat consists of He inlet and outlet, heat exchangers and copper strains (i.e. braids) for the thermal connection of the sample holder/STM and radiation shield around the STM with the heat exchangers. The thesis describes the design of the flow cryostat and its initial tests in the designed vacuum chamber. Heat flow through a spot contact is also discussed to estimate thermal conductance of insulation supports based on thermal resistance of spherical contacts. The thesis was elaborated in collaboration with the Institute of Scientific Instruments of the ASCR, v.v.i.
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Temperature profiles and temperature fluctuations in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection
Drahotský, Jakub ; Mantia,, Marco La (referee) ; Urban, Pavel (advisor)
Tato práce popisuje výzkum zaměřený na studium vertikálních teplotních profilů a fluktuací v turbulentní Rayleighově-Bénardově konvekci. Experiment byl proveden v "Barrel of Ilmenau" obsahující válcovou experimentální celu s průměrem 7,15 m a výškou 4,7 m ("the aspect ratio" = 1,5) naplněnou suchým vzduchem. Teplotní profily a fluktuace byly studovány podél vertikální osy cely mezi horní a spodní deskou spodní deskou v rozmezí Rayleighova čísla (Ra) 1E11 4E12. Teplotní profily byly změřeny novou metodou využívající systém s optickým vláknem Luna ODiSI-B, který byl pořízen týmem z Ilmenau. Systém umožňuje měřit teplotní profil ve všech bodech podél celého vlákna současně s prostorovým rozlišením 5 mm.
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