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Community activities (tradition and status quo) in small localities
Hatka, Tomáš ; Hudečková, Helena (advisor) ; Tomáš, Tomáš (referee)
The subject of this thesis is the sociocultural role of associations in small localities, which are villages and small towns. Through two selected interest activities typical for small localities and organized on the basis of associations / clubs, soccer clubs and volunteer fire, are explored traditions in selected municipalities and scope of current community activities. Importance is attached to social relations acting both within societies and among them. The theoretical basis is for them the concept of Ferdinand Tonnies Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft, which indicating two types of social relations based on a distinction between two kinds of human will. Qualitative research focused on the perception of traditions, current status, mission and needs for the future with regard to the development activities carried out by three generations of representatives of these associations shows generational differences in perceptions of community activities. Through systematic registration of current needs with regard to the future development of community activities outlines this thesis opportunities for mutual cooperation, leading not only benefit the organizations themselves, but also for the location in which these associations are.
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Influence of biochar on saturated hydraulic conductivity of contaminated fluvisol
Tomáš, Tomáš ; Jačka, Lukáš (advisor) ; Pavlásek, Jiří (referee)
This thesis deals with the influence of biochar on saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) of contaminated fluvisol. Values of Ks are key inputs for modeling of water flow in soils. Contaminated fluvisol and this soil enriched by 2 and also 5% of biochar were studied in this thesis. These differently treated soils ware gauged to find out differences in Ks and changes of Ks time. Biochar improves sorption capacity and other soil properties. The influence of biochar application on Ks it not fully revealed. We used biochar which was made by pyrolysis of stalks of grapevine.
Measurements were made in two series since October to December in 2015. For both series, 10 samples, (5 in reference and 5 enriched by biochar) were measured. A total of 20 samples were measured in each series. Every sample was measured for 14 days in 10 time steps (10 recurrent measurements). Physical properties (bulk density, porosity, saturated water content) and particle size analysis using hydrometer method were also measured. Homogeneous soil mixtures of the soils were packed in Kopeckého sampling rings (100 cm3). In first series, 5 reference samples and 5 samples with 2% content of biochar were compared. Saturation of the samples was made gradually and slowly and takes 1 week. Measurement was made by laboratory permeameter (hydraulic gradient about 0.5).
For reference samples of first series, mean Ks value was 4,818.10-6 m.s-1. For samples enriched by 5% biochar mean Ks value was 2,254.10-6 m.s-1. For reference of second series, mean Ks value was 6,435.10-6 m.s-1. For samples enriched by 2% biochar mean Ks value was 4,211.10-6 m.s-1.
Application of biochar on tested soil decrease Ks in comparison with reference soil. Decrease of Ks value was more distinct for soil enriched 5% of biochar than for soil enriched by 2% of biochar. Application of biochar also decrease coefficient of variation of measured Ks. in most of the time steps. Reference samples exhibited larger differences of Ks among time steps than biochar enriched soils.
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Small sacral buildings in the area Macha region
Sobotková, Lenka ; Zilvar, Josef (advisor) ; Tomáš, Tomáš (referee)
Abstract
The thesis maps and identifies a small religious monuments in the countryside and smaller settlements in the cadastral area municipalities Association Macha, which is located in the southwestern part of the Liberec region and its southern edge, which is Kokorin, extends into the Central Region. These small structures of sacred significance were set up at intersections of roads, trade routes, near Wells, but as expressions of gratitude and remembrance to joyful, significant and tragic event. Each of these small sacred building affects perception of a person's environment, enriching area villages and landscapes, along with accompanying greenery which acted as a refuge on the road, landmark or feature lightning form a common artistic and traditional value. His mission lost partially or completely inappropriate transfer.
The main benefit and purpose of this work is to determine the current state of these monuments in the area, and create a detailed catalog, serving as a source of information for tourism, regional development, such as integration into existing and also into emerging hiking, biking and nature trails, but also as the basis for a partial analysis in the evaluation of the landscape, the creation of the zoning plan, the draft plan during land consolidation or the needs of a particular community.
The catalog is compiled on the basis of professional and regional literature, detailed field survey, including cadastral territory of the municipalities that are part of the voluntary association of municipalities Macha maps and testimonies of some residents is compiled catalog of small sacred buildings. Buildings are photographically documented and described both in terms of the status quo, and in terms of landscape significance here is the location of the building indicating the GPS coordinates and plotting the current actual map of the selected area.
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Environmental education and environmental behavior in the development of the region
Trávníčková, Klára ; Varvažovská, Pavla (advisor) ; Tomáš, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to evaluate environmental education and environmental behavior for the development of the Usti Region and propose background to this issue. A partial objective is to determine the level of environmental education in secondary schools and among the public.
The work consists of theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part is elaborated on the basis of scientific literature, using methods of analysis, synthesis and comparison. The practical part is based on qualitative and quantitative sociological survey. The quantitative survey was conducted through questionnaires among high school students and the public from the Usti Region. Qualitative research was conducted between actors involved in environmental education from the same region. In conclusion, the thesis is to evaluate the environmental education in secondary schools and environmental behavior among the public in the region and proposed recommendations.
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Leisure time of young generation reflecting its function of prevention in the Rychnovsko region
Bílek, Radek ; Hudečková, Helena (advisor) ; Tomáš, Tomáš (referee)
This dissertation focuses on free time as a new phenomenon in the industrially advanced society. The goal of this paper is firstly to map how the monitored group of children and youth from Rychnov nad Kněžnou and surrounding villages spend their free time and secondly how the above mentioned group comprehends the preventive function of free time. After the theoretical part which is focused on sociology of leisure, leisure education, and rural and urban area, there is an empirical part containing secondary and primary research (performed in form of questioning) with special focus on offering free time activities. The research found out that both groups of pupils (from urban as well as from the rural area) perceive the free time, possibilities of spending it, and their wishes for better spending the free time in similar way. Although the offer of free time activities in the rural area is significantly more limited compared to the free time activities offered in the urban area, the pupils living in the rural area are surprisingly satisfied with the offer. This limited offer is often accompanied with more common feeling of boredom which could grow into being dangerous; in view of preventive function of free time this fact is not insignificant.
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Comparison of organic carbon stocks in soils with different land use
Rašková, Renáta ; Borůvka, Luboš (advisor) ; Tomáš, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to determine and compare the carbon stocks in selected locations.
Three localities were selected in Vyškov region. In each locality four types of soil according to their use were examined - forest, arable land, grass land and urban soil. From each type of soil four samples were taken which were located 10 meters from each other. Samples were taken by soil auger from 0 to 40 cm depth in November 2015. All samples were dried, ground and sieved. Consequently humus content was determined in samples by the Tyurin method. From these results content and stocks of organic carbon were calculated in each locality and each type of land use and all results were compared with each other.
Contribution of this thesis was to confirm or disprove hypothesis and to provide helpful information on Vyškov region.
Hypothesis: The stock of carbon in forest soil is higher than in arable land. The stock of carbon in arable land is higher than in urban soils.
The highest content of SOC was in forest soils and the highest stock of organic carbon was in arable land. Results show that the stock of carbon in soil is affected by land use and also by the way of management.
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Dynamics of mountain spruce forest focused on natural regenaration development
Červenka, Jaroslav ; Svoboda, Miroslav (advisor) ; Tomáš, Tomáš (referee)
Disturbances have a major impact on the dynamic of forest ecosystems. However, there is lack of its exact consequences for mountain spruce forests in Central Europe. In 2007 heavy windstorm damaged a lot of stands in Šumava NP, subsequent bark beetle outbreak resulted in a large-scale dieback of spruce stands in this area. We took advantage of this opportunity. This study is focused on disintegration and structure of stands after the severe disturbance and in next step is focused on density and structure of natural regeneration in these stands. In addition we dealt with spruce regeneration (Picea Abies (L.) Karst.) on decaying logs. We compared two localities, disturbed (NP Šumava) and undisturbed site (CHKO Jeseníky). We concentrated on the change in saplings densities and on impact of decaying logs characteristic on this change. Finally we wanted to determinate impact of decaying logs characteristic on density of spruce regeneration. In area of Trojmezná we recorded 99 % mortality of parent stands. We founded only a few of adult tress which survived the disturbance, in addition we found several new trees, most of them with diameter about 10 cm. Live trees (DBH > 7 cm) reach density 16 trees per ha. The amount of dead wood was 2.5 times higher than before 10 years, one third were lying logs. Only natural regeneration of Norway spruce and rowan (Sorbus acuparia L.) was founded. Regeneration recruitments occurred in sufficient numbers, mostly on mosses (32 %), dead wood (27 %) and the nearest neighbourhoods of living mature trees or snags (28 %). Advance regeneration occupied 88 % of all regeneration. The density of individuals was similar along the elevation gradient. But in lower elevation of study area was situated higher regeneration recruitment then in the higher parts. With increasing elevation gradient regeneration was more homogenous in height and was lower. Best conditions for spruce regeneration provides logs with the largest diameters and logs with presence of white fungi Armillaria spp. or Phellinus nigrolimitatus. On the other hand logs with presence of Fomitopsis pinicola do not provide a suitable microsite for saplings. When we compare change in regeneration density on dead wood between the disturbed and undisturbed site, our results show significant increase in regeneration density at disturbed site (by 33 %). The increased regeneration density observed at the disturbed site was mostly associated with the smallest saplings on logs with the largest diameters. Three years after death of the parent stands no significant effect was recorded on the growth rate and survival of established spruce saplings on dead wood.
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The effect of cadmium on oxidative stress in plants
Zemanová, Veronika ; Pavlíková, Daniela (advisor) ; Tomáš, Tomáš (referee)
The two ecotypes of Noccaea caerulescens originating from two differently contaminated sites (Redlschlag, Austria; Ganges, France), N. praecox (Mežica, Slovenia), Arabidopsis halleri and Spinacia oleracea were studied to compare Cd accumulation and tolerance. After 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of cultivation in Cd contaminated soil (30, 60 and 90 mg Cd/kg soil) for hyperaccumulators and 25, 40, 55 and 75 days of cultivation in Cd contaminated soil (30, 60 and 90 mg Cd/kg soil) for spinach gas-exchange parameters (net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration), fatty acids, macro- and microelements were determined as well as N utilization by plants. Noccaea species and A. halleri showed similar changes in yield of biomass, Cd content and total content of amino acids. These species confirmed differences in the profile and contents of individual free amino acids. The comparison between Noccaea species showed that Cd stress resulted in similar changes of gas-exchange parameters. Contrasting responses of plants to Cd contamination were confirmed in macro- and microelements contents, fatty acids and amino acids metabolism. Spinach showed contrasting response to cadmium compared to hyperaccumulators, especially in profile of free amino acids and fatty acids.
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Cultural heritage as a factor in the development of the municipality and region
Vondráčková, Zdeňka ; Varvažovská, Pavla (advisor) ; Tomáš, Tomáš (referee)
My work consists of the theoretical part, first is characterizes the tourist trade generally, then the tourist trade and organization of destination specifically. In the second part are interviews between participants of the tourist trade in the town Žatec. In the third part is the description of my public opinion polls. At the end of my work I present the suggestion of bettering as regards the marketing acitivities in the tourist trade in our region. In my work I used my experiences gained by the studies at Economical Faculty in Prag and also during my stay in the tourist trade.
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Cultural Heritage as one of the Factors in the Development Community and the Region
Kratochvílová, Tereza ; Varvažovská, Pavla (advisor) ; Tomáš, Tomáš (referee)
The theme of this thesis is a cultural heritage and its role in developing communities and regions.
The theoretical part focuses on defining the basic concepts that are the subject of cultural heritage linked. Specifically, it discusses the situation in the cities of Pardubice and Pardubice region. After the initial presentation of the basic assumptions relating to the concepts of cultural heritage, Regional development, followed by a section devoted to the particular characteristics of the cultural-historical development and specific places in the Pardubice region.
The last of the four major part is devoted to the results of quantitative and qualitative research survey, effected to collect a sufficient amount of current information. In the course held surveys among mapping opinions on the topic of cultural heritage among the local population and took place several tens of structured, unstructured and semi-structured interviews with representatives of information centers, local authorities and ordinary citizens.
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