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Gender, identity, body
Řídký, Josef ; Tinková, Daniela (advisor) ; Činátl, Kamil (referee)
The thesis Gender, identity, body attempts to set out a method suitable for historical description and analysis of representations of bodily identities, such as old age, childhood, race etc. The conceptualization of gender identities presents our starting point, the very capacity of the term of gender is examined through the reading of the works of Joan W. Scott and Judith Butler. In respect to our final purpose, the term appears convenient only partially, for it balances between two extremes: it is either overly dependent on gender binarism or it utterly ceases to represent bodily identities. This paper brings an alternative concept: corpus. Combining the concept of gender and the phenomenology of body, it conceives bodily identity as a type of Paul Ricoeur's narrative identity. Composing different bodily parts and behaviour stereotypes, this kind of identity creates a distinctive collective identity: corpus. In its next part, the thesis follows the construction of representations of old age and adolescence in the field of Czechoslovakian 20th century developmental psychology. It appears that both old age and youth are disqualified in the name of a symbolic adult-centrism. Keywords: gender studies - identity - phenomenology of body - marginal groups in the 20th century
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Spa guests under surveillance in the end of the 18th century and in the beginning of the 19th century
Jílková, Lucie ; Tinková, Daniela (advisor) ; Čechura, Jaroslav (referee)
On the verge of 19th century, all ancien régimes tried to find any way how to treat changes and impacts from the French revolution and other democratical movements across Europe. One of the biggest fear were citizens coming to the Habsburg lands from new republics. The guests who came to relax in Western Bohemia spas enjoyed a international society, but hated the regime well-known for spies who didn't have any respect for postal secret. The author uses Michel Foucault's theory of disciplination to see Austrian institutions'attempts to register all foreigners, especially those at spa resorts, to check their supposed liasons with revolutionaries. Thanks to this attemps, a lot of new sources that records every spa guests appeared and haven't been almost discovered until recently. Systematical monitoring of the foreigners goes hand in hand with with creating of the Ministry of Police and the Spa inspection. At this time, passport forms were settled and since then they were kept unchanged up to 1850's. To sum up, the control of foreigners coming to Bohemia was not an invent of this period, only the rigorousness of it is new.
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Antirevolutionary discourse of the Czech written prints in the period of Franch revolution
Dufka, Tomáš ; Tinková, Daniela (advisor) ; Činátl, Kamil (referee)
Tomáš Dufka: Antirevolutionary discourse of Czech written prints in the period of the French revolution Abstract The thesis Antirevolutionary discourse of Czech written prints in the period of the French revolution deals with texts, which at the end of the 18th century had an objective to form an opinion of the Czech speaking population about events in France and assesses the way it has been being done. In the first part the author summarizes results of existing research of the French Revolution and its reception and defines theoretical and methodological approach of the thesis; in the second part he first presents the corpus of prints and of their creators with an aim to later describe the discourse of antirevolutionary texts in general by means of the methodology of critical discourse analyst, Norman Fairclough; in the third concluding part he focuses on specific revolutionary events: he observes what kind of techniques Kramerius' journal used when reporting revolutionary events and on examples of executions of Lewis XVI and Marie Antoinette he compares the discourse of Czech prints with the discourse of similar French prints. This work aims to find out strategies of antirevolutionary texts and to point out which images of Revolution were diffused among the Czech population. The thesis thus tries to...
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The dissolving of the Cistercian monastery in Sedlec (1783-1799)
Snopek, Lukáš ; Tinková, Daniela (referee) ; Maur, Eduard (advisor)
The Cistercian Monastery in Sedlec existed with intermissions in the years 1143-1783/99. The Convent Church of Virgin Mary and St. John the Baptist belongs from 1995 to World Cultural Heritage of UNESCO. During the 20th century were many Czech historians for example Jaromír Čelakovský, Jaroslav Čechura, Kateřina Charvátová, Josef Nuhlíček, Pavel Zahradník and art historians Mojmír Horyna, Karel Chytil, Viktor Kotrba, Jiří Kuthan, Petr Macek, Jaromír Neumann, Zdeněk Wirth interested in history of Sedlec. As for the joungest generation it is possible to mention for exmaple Jana Hynková and Štěpán Vácha. Through the first chapter of the thesis we want to introduce the history of the Monastery as a whole. The last part of the chapter obtains a brief essay about the economic progress. In 1760 Sedlec had around 450 000 rheinisch gulden in debts. The great debts of Monastery were the important cause of the Emperors Josef II decision to cease it (8th August 1783). The second chapter is dealing with the process of the rise of the anti-monastic social atmosphere during the 18th century. Monks lifestyle became incomprehensible especially for the followers of philosophical enlightenment. The economic theoretics thought that the monasteries injured national economy. Inside the Church shared the above said process the so...
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World and thoughts of non-tolerated religious communities in eastern bohemia during 18th and 19th centuries
Taich, Tomáš ; Tinková, Daniela (referee) ; Štaif, Jiří (advisor)
The phenomenon of disident religious groups in Bohemia and Moravia in the end of the 18th Century and during 19th Century is tightly connected with illegal protestantism before the tolerationist patent of 1781. These non-tolerated communities surfaced in the same regions as secret evangelical, and then newly formed reformed and lutheran churches. Also their base thoughts were formed by the same book titles as it was with the later official protestants, and the phenomenon is tied with the evangelical church even with a few names of important leaders from the time of illegality. Tolerationist reality was a distinctive move from the times of catholic monopoly, but it offered way too strict rules that did not take in consideration the specific way of Czech reformation. Some of the evangelics then, being raised in family tradition and by hidden and smuggled literature and supported by pietistic churches in Prussia, Silesia and Lustaia, did not always find room for themselves in the newly formed churches and rather postulated themselves as the third, illegal side. As the time went on, their theology seems to accent more of a pantheistic meanings and a radical departure from the common world. Popularity were also gaining different prophecies of religious or social turn over. Later in 19th Century it is quite...
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Inquiry Strategies in Early Modern Period - Inquiry Methods of Judges and Defence Strategies of Offenders in Case of Adultery, Incest and Bigamy in Early Modern Bohemia and Moravia
Pinzová, Lenka ; Tinková, Daniela (advisor) ; Himl, Pavel (referee)
This diploma thesis is a follow-up to an earlier bachelor thesis, whose main theme was a study of three immoral offences (adultery, incest and bigamy) in early modern Bohemia and Moravia. Subsequent thesis follows the general classification of the above mentioned offences and deals with the problems of the court interrogation itself in the same period and territory. It presents more detailed thematic survey of inquiry methods of judges and defence strategies of accused men and women with respect to the gender aspect. Thus it shows on one hand the methods the judges have on their's disposal to achieve a confession of the accused ones, on the other hand it concerns the tactic that the accused ones were using to defend themselves in quest of persuading the court of their innocence and justifying their honour. The thesis also deals with the problems of an early modern model of femininity and masculinity that can be found in criminal theory and judiciary practice. We can see it in the language of early modern criminal codes and in the court statements of accused men and women as well. The thesis is based on a study of early modern legislative texts (criminal codes) and edited court books.
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"Disciplination" of popular classes, a reform of elementary education and educational literature in Czech-speaking regions from 1774 to 1805
Kneblík, Michal ; Tinková, Daniela (advisor) ; Maur, Eduard (referee)
This diploma thesis decribes the practical aspect of education on minor schools in Bohemia throught the Czech educational literature with regard to theories of 'civilization' and 'disciplination' of Norbert Elias and Michel Foucault from 1774 to 1805. Firstly, it focuses on a general context of reforms on the field of primary education in the Habsburg monarchy and especially in Bohemia. It analyses 'school returns'(fase) - the unique source about reforms - after a theoretical part concerns theories of Elias and Foucault and its possible application to the study of education. It outlines the literature used for the education on the basis of 'returns' and the key handbook of J. I. Felbiger Kniha methodní. There were a Catechism, a Spelling-book, Books for reading, the Kniha methodní itself, O pravém způsobu cvičení mládeže from A. V. Pařízek and a Catechism of Health just on the edge. Finally, after their analysis and in the context of forenamed theories, we dare to express some ideas about a school discipline, relations between school, family and body and about a construction of pattern of subject which was influencing an opinion of popular classes at the end of eighteenth century.
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