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Utilization of vibrational spectroscopy in study on interactions between humic substances and organic ions.
Stehlíková, Kristína ; Enev, Vojtěch (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
The main objective of this bachelor thesis was to validate the potential of the utilization of vibrational spectroscopy in the study on interactions between humic substances and organic ions. Unmodified (HA) and methylated humic acids (mHA) were chosen as model humic substances and organic ions were represented by methylene blue, rhodamine 6G and Septonex. Firstly, a suitable infrared spectroscopy technique was chosen. The results of optimization measurements showed that spectra with the best resolution can be obtained using the DRIFTS technique. The next part of the thesis discusses the effect of methylation in the structure of humic acids. Significant differences were recorded in mHA compared to the unmodified humic acids. Finally, the spectra of humic acid – organic ion complexes were compared to the spectra of prepared blank samples. It was noted that the spectra of complexes are not only a simple sum of the pure individual substances’ spectra, but also shifts and changes in the intensity of different absorption bands were recorded there. It suggests that non-covalent interactions played an important role in the complexes. Infrared spectroscopy was proved to be a useful method for investigating these interactions.
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Involvement of vibrational spectroscopy in the study on interactions of natural organic matter with model environmental pollutants.
Stehlíková, Kristína ; Enev, Vojtěch (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
The main objective of this diploma thesis was to verify the potential of using advanced infrared spectra processing techniques – specifically the principal component analysis (PCA) – in order to monitor the interaction of natural organic matter with organic pollutants. Natural organic matter was represented by standard IHSS Leonardite humic acid, while the aromatic dyes methylene blue and Rhodamine 6G and the aliphatic substance Septonex were chosen as representatives of organic ions. Their interactions were monitored using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, the use of which for this purpose was verified in my bachelor's thesis. Principal component analysis was finally applied to the obtained infrared spectra of the formed complexes and prepared blank samples, which helped to reveal spectral changes at first glance unrecognizable in the spectra themselves. It was found out that the most likely mechanism of humic acid interaction with aromatic pollutants is a - interaction, while the electrostatic nature of the interaction is assumed for the binding of aliphatic substances.
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Utilization of vibrational spectroscopy in study on interactions between humic substances and organic ions.
Stehlíková, Kristína ; Enev, Vojtěch (referee) ; Sedláček, Petr (advisor)
The main objective of this bachelor thesis was to validate the potential of the utilization of vibrational spectroscopy in the study on interactions between humic substances and organic ions. Unmodified (HA) and methylated humic acids (mHA) were chosen as model humic substances and organic ions were represented by methylene blue, rhodamine 6G and Septonex. Firstly, a suitable infrared spectroscopy technique was chosen. The results of optimization measurements showed that spectra with the best resolution can be obtained using the DRIFTS technique. The next part of the thesis discusses the effect of methylation in the structure of humic acids. Significant differences were recorded in mHA compared to the unmodified humic acids. Finally, the spectra of humic acid – organic ion complexes were compared to the spectra of prepared blank samples. It was noted that the spectra of complexes are not only a simple sum of the pure individual substances’ spectra, but also shifts and changes in the intensity of different absorption bands were recorded there. It suggests that non-covalent interactions played an important role in the complexes. Infrared spectroscopy was proved to be a useful method for investigating these interactions.
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Use of low-frequency magnetotherapy for patients with coxarthrosis
STEHLÍKOVÁ, Kristina
The Bachelor thesis deals with the use of low-induction magnetotherapy in case of patients with coxarthrosis. The aim of the thesis was an application of the low-induction magnetotherapy in treatment of particular patients and its subsequent evaluation. Coxarthrosis belongs to relatively often degenerative disease nowadays, increasingly frequent among younger patients. Pain and joint stiffness, particularly in the morning, and limited range of movements are usually the main symptoms, leading to constraints in performing of normal daily activities. Moreover, most natural human movement - walking is impaired by the disease. Low-induction magnetotherapy is nowadays often used method of physical therapy belonging to a non-contact low-frequency electrotherapy which has as its main task to reduce the pain in coxarthritis. The thesis consists of two main parts. The theoretical part contains a description of the anatomy of the hip joint, more specifically its construction, ligamentous apparatus, vessels and nerves, muscle apparatus, movements in the hip joint and hip joint kinesiology. Osteoarthrosis, its principles, causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment, and coxarthrosis in more detail are also described here. The last topic discussed in the theoretical part is low-induction magnetotherapy. Its principles, physical parameters and the effects of magnetic fields, indications and contraindications are explained. In the practical part, qualitative research method was used. The research group consisted of three patients who attended Medipont polyclinics in České Budějovice on outpatient basis. In addition to low-induction magnetotherapy, physical therapy was indicated as well. Low-induction magnetotherapy is not recommended for use as monotherapy but its combination with other treatments is reported as more effective. The research was elaborated in the form of case studies that include patients' medical history, input and output kinesiology analysis and course of individual therapy. Kinesiology analysis includes a visual examination, palpation, anthropometric and trigonometric examinations, examination of pelvis, muscle test, and examination of shortened muscles, movement stereotypes, breathing, as well as walking. During therapy, the PIR, joint mobilization, soft techniques, exercises to activate HSS, stretching and strengthening exercises for the hip joint, and exercises for the proper activation of the transverse and longitudinal arch of the foot were used in addition to the low-induction magnetotherapy. Output examination after ten therapies showed changes in health status in all three patients; for each one, however, to a different degree. For best results, I would advise to continue with this treatment in the future. Interviews with ten patients in Berta's Spa in Třeboň and Medipont polyclinics in České Budějovice were conducted to better evaluation of the effects of the low-induction magnetotherapy. Patients rated their subjective experience with application of the low-induction magnetotherapy.
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