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Legal regulation of hazardous waste disposal
Fialová, Žaneta ; Sobotka, Michal (advisor) ; Žákovská, Karolina (referee)
85 ZÁVĚR Otázka nebezpečných odpadů patří mezi největší globální problémy současnosti a to i přes skutečnost, že produkce nebezpečných odpadů představuje přibližně jen 15 % z celkové produkce odpadů. Nicméně hrozba, kterou tyto odpady, vzhledem ke svým fyzikálním, chemickým nebo biologickým vlastnostem, představují pro životní prostředí a lidské zdraví, je natolik značná a závažná, že bylo nutné podrobit danou problematiku právní regulaci. Na mezinárodním poli je pozornost věnována především úpravě přepravy nebezpečných odpadů. Nejvýznamnějším dokumentem je zejména Basilejská úmluva o kontrole pohybu nebezpečných odpadů přes hranice států a jejich zneškodňování. Na komunitární úrovni se jedná o právní úpravu podstatně kvalitnější a rozsáhlejší, která navíc prochází poměrně dynamickým vývojem, což ale na druhou stranu přináší určité úskalí v podobě nesnadné orientace ve značném množství právních norem. Komunitární předpisy odpadového hospodářství jsou do českého právního řádu transponovány zejména zákonem č. 185/2001 Sb., o odpadech, v platném znění, a řadou prováděcích předpisů. Zejména s ohledem na celkovou komplikovanost a nepřehlednost vnitrostátní právní úpravy a dále pak z důvodu potřeby implementace nové rámcové směrnice o odpadech byl připraven návrh nového zákona o odpadech. Odpady jsou v centru...
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Tools for environmental protection in Czech law
Fiedlerová, Tereza ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
111 SUMMARY INSTRUMENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN CZECH LAW Tereza Fiedlerová This graduation thesis is concentrated on the main categories of instruments applied within environmental policy, such as legal, conceptual, economic and penal instruments. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter presents an introduction to the issue, it deals with the categories of instruments used for the protection of environment on international, European and Czech level. The second chapter is focused on particular administrative (legal) instruments which constitute the basis of every system of environmental protection. They are mainly represented by general legal rules and individual administrative acts such as bans, permits, authorizations and obligations. The third chapter covers the conceptual instruments (policy tools). The aim of these instruments is to contribute to the improvement of the state of the environment. Conceptions, programs, projects and plans present an expert, long term frame conceived documents, emphasized either on the environment in general, or some of its components ( e.g. air, water, soil, rocks, live organisms, ecosystems or energies). The fourth chapter particularly deals with economic instruments. The economic instruments, after legal instruments, represent the second most...
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Delictual liability of natural persons within environmental protection
Vebr, Tomáš ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
10. Resume The main goal of this thesis was to demonstrate importance of protection of the environment. Natural environment is the fundamental presumption of the next evolution of human population. But people have not taken it seriously and damaged the environment. In present time, the effective protection of the environment is unthinkable without resources of law. There are various forms of applied protection: economic, educational, technical, scientific and, last but not least, law. The basic aim of all legal forms of environment protection is the prevention of pollution, environment harm and natural restitution . Liability plays very important role among the legal means. Law is the effective form of protection, which includes sanctions and lucid indication of consequences for infringement of rules. Liability of natural persons plays among the legal means the specific role. Nowadays, the main burden of regulation is in administrative law, but to the future it is advisable to delegate the main burden to criminal liability of persons. There is the need to involve the enterprises into liability too. The regulation of liability in administrative law in the field of Czech environment law is very broad, disunited and not codified. Opposite this, the criminal liability is codified in one legal enactment, penal...
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The community and environmental protection from the legal point of view
Kodrasová, Alena ; Sobotka, Michal (advisor) ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to analyse the position of the municipalities in the area of environmental protection, to refer to municipal problems in this sphere, which come up in current scope of duties and to present some of the instruments, the municipality can solve this kind of issues with. The thesis is composed of four chapters. Chapter one and two is introductory and defines fundamental terms in the thesis: The environment, the municipality. I try to find out, who is responsible for environmental protection, the relation between public and private interest in the environmental protection and which one of these interests is overriding. Next is the analysis of the position of the municipalities in it 's separate powers of community and in it 's delegated powers of community. I illustrate with giving some examples the fact that the municipality can be in various positions, as a one, who makes the rules, mainly during issuing ordinances or as an individual subject, first as a owner of the municipal property, second as a party to some administrative procedures related to environment, e. i. to apllication for a planning, EIA, IPPC… Chapter three is subdivided into three parts, each of them introduces the group of instruments of environmental protection, that the municipality dispose with. The...
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Legal tools for the protection of clean water
Martočková, Mária ; Sobotka, Michal (advisor) ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (referee)
8 Instruments of the protection of water quality (Summary) The purpose of my thesis is to examine the actual problem of water pollution and to analyse certain legal instruments that are set in order to protect water quality. The thesis is composed of three chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of the protection of water quality. Besides chapters, the thesis includes an introduction and a conclusion. The introductory part of the thesis gives a simple reason for choosing the topic from the point of the necessity of the water protection. Chapter One refers to the subject, reasons and aims of the protection. The chapter is divides into three parts. The importance of waters for the whole world and its population is described in part One. Part Two deals with water as the subject of the protection and focuses more on the quality of surface and ground waters. Part Three mentions goals to achieve the required water quality which are defined in the State Environmental Policy of the Czech Republic for 2004 - 2010 and in the Framework Directive on Water Management. Chapter Two also examines relevant Czech, European and international legislation in the area of the water protection. The chapter consists of four parts. Part One provides a brief description of the development of Czech water law. Part Two...
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The principle of precaution in European environmental law
Petránková, Johana ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
Princip předběžné opatrnosti v evropském právu životního prostředí ix The Precautionary Principle in European Environmental Law SUMMARY The purpose of my thesis is to analyse the role of precautionary principle in EC environmental law. The reason for my research is the fact of increasing introduction of this principle into the EC legislation. Its repercussions in other areas of EC law especially in EC public health law should not be neglected neither. However the thesis describes reasons and conditions for applying the precautionary principle, it also justifies limits of its application to prevent the misuse or even abusive use of the principle. The thesis is composed of two basic parts, the first seems to be more theoretic and descriptive compared to the second one which presents the analysis of the application of the precautionary principle in practice with all its consequences. Part One is composed of two chapters, first of them describing the rise of the precautionary principle in international public law, his introduction and effects in EC environmental law. The second one illustrates guidelines for applying the precautionary principle as established in European commission Communication (COM (2000) 1). Part Two consists also of two chapters. The first of them, larger one, examines EC legal framework on...
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