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Attributional styles and their research on persons suffering from psychosomatic disorder
Nováková, Martina ; Slaměník, Ivan (advisor) ; Štětovská, Iva (referee)
The thesis deals with attributional styles and their research in patients with psychosomatic disorder. The text is divided into a theoretical part and an empirical part. The term psychosomatic disorder is defined in the theoretical part. The essential links between psychosomatic disorder, stress and cognitive processes are mentioned. Selected attribution theory and the concepts of attributional styles, then make up the majority theory. In the empirical part, there are hypotheses defined using three psychodiagnostic methods tested on a set of people with psychosomatic disorder and compared with the healthy population. Key words: attribution attribution theory attributional style psychosomatic disorder/psychosomatic illness somatoform disorders
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Values and motivation of criminal-law barriesters
Hurychová, Zuzana ; Slaměník, Ivan (advisor) ; Morgensternová, Monika (referee)
This dissertation deals with values and motivation of barriesters active in the sphere of criminal law. The work itself concentrates above all on such values that have much broader functions in the personality of man than mere motivation. The dissertation shows in the theoretical part the theme of values from the point of view of various theories and also the relations between the values and personalities or their other motivational components. Simultaneously value research methods are introduced here as well as their usage in practice. The goal of the empirical part is to show specifics of value orientations of barriesters, men and women, active in the sphere of criminal law which considerably differ from the characteristics of ordinary population or which strongly differ depending on gender. A group of barriesters (regardless of gender) shows in comparison with ordinary population distinctive preference of the social values type and the overall value profile differs to a high extent in the questionnaire Study of values from the ordinary population especially the profile of female barriesters. Some characteristics of value profiles in the questionnaire Study of values discovered similarity of female barriesters with ordinary male population and of male barriesters with ordinary female population. In the...
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Informative society and psychology
Teichman, Viktor ; Uhlář, Pavel (advisor) ; Slaměník, Ivan (referee)
Mankind today seems to find itself in new era in context of information technologies. Following the era of industrial revolution with its stress on "the more is, the better is", now the subtle, complex and multi-meaningful era of information technologies seems to take over. We seem to see general increase of stress on cognitive actions of mental modelling, requiring some cognitive competence, like ability to deal with symbols. lntellective skills are not equally distributed in population, and having said that we can see there is a space for new hierarchies. Digital information processing seems to be more detached from direct sensory feelings. The experience is thus not any more gained by repeated exposure to known sensory-physical procedures, but it is gained by own private ideation and by symbolic action of mind. These kinds of thoughts bring with them number of philosophical and ethical questions, requiring to redefine for example What is the nature of human. ls it, that by developing new tools ba sed on electronic technologies, which can exceed traditional natural means, mankind is creating new world of such complex way, that it will have difficulties to deal with it?
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The sympathy and the antipathy in the interpersonal relationships
Herlesová, Jitka ; Slaměník, Ivan (advisor) ; Morgensternová, Monika (referee)
Central for this work i s a study of the emotions - sympathy and antipathy - in the interpersonal relationships. Our goal was to find out, how would normal people alone describe them. The theoretical part deals with the psychological base of metodology, meanings and researches of sympathy, antipathy, mental representation, prototypical and script approaches, and emotins in interpersonal relationships in general. The empirical part contents two stages of the research. In the first stage the list of the emotions, the thoughts, the behavior and the characteristics of a typical person is gained. The results describe emotions in their variability and give quite complex image ofthe typical personality, the cognitive, behavioral and emotional features conected with described concepts. From these freely given statements was made a list of features typical for sympathy and antipathy. The second stage contains prototypical ratings of the items from the list. In spite of only few mentions of sympathy or antipathy in the psychological Iiterature, ordinary people were easily able to say, weather a feature i s a good or a weak example of the sympathy and the antipathy. Between these central and peripheral features was a fuzzy boundary. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The subject matter at work of the contemporary Czech artists and its dependence on creator's personality
Uholyeva, Xenie ; Slaměník, Ivan (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
The construed diploma thesis deals with both some content characteristics of the visual artist's work and his/her individuality (personality) as well as their correlation. The theoretical part of the thesis begins with an introduction to the issues in the interdisciplinary research in creative art. In the second chapter, a summary of present research focused on visual artist's personality as well as on personality correlates of creativity in general and on some typologies of artists which impeach their production and personality is included. Our personal results are later compared with those studies. The third chapter is attended to the subjects in creative art. We treat of the subject like the aspect of artist's production which can bring psychological information on the artist. The production process in light of the genesis of the subject is described. We also deal with an influence of the subject on perception of art artifact. In the fourth chapter, the research of Stanislav Drvota which we are repeating in the altered form in the empiric part is briefly described. In the experimental part, we are describing artists' personality characteristics per personage questionnaires. The content characteristics are evaluated via the experimental tool taken over from Drvota. At the last part, artist's personality...
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The accuracy of interindividual perception of the mind content
Hájková, Martina ; Bahbouh, Radvan (advisor) ; Slaměník, Ivan (referee)
Purpose: This thesis deals with some questions from the field of empathic accuracy, i.e. ability to correctly and accurately infer mental states of others. We were especially interested in question whether people are able to reflect their own empathic accuracy and their own meta-accuracy, i.e. recognize how other people view them. We were also interested in the role of motivation for empathic accuracy. Methods: Experiment based on the method of interactions. After the interaction phase were the participants asked to fill in forms concerning their own experience and experience of their partner and try to estimate, how the partner viewed them. They also estimated the accuracy of their answers. Results: Experiment has shown that participants have quite accurate idea about what has their partner experienced and how they were perceived although the degree of right guesses was various. However the reflection of their empathic skill was minimal. Participants mostly could not estimate, whether their guesses were accurate or not. Self-evaluation of participants, who were less successful in recognition of others experiences, was less accurate than the self-evaluation of the more successful ones.
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The problematics of the deception detection in the forensic psychology
Mynaříková, Lenka ; Boukalová, Hedvika (advisor) ; Slaměník, Ivan (referee)
This diploma thesis called 'The problematics of the deception detection in the forensic psychology' deals with lying and lies from the viewpoint of its types, functions and considering the development of an individual and it describes the role of lying in our lives. Then it examines the integration of the deception detection into the forensic psychology, the description of the forensic psychology itself and it tries to specify the differences between laypersons and proffesionals in their ability to detect lies. The thesis describes the particular approaches to the detection of deception from its historical beginning to contemporary methods, such as psychophysiological and verbal tools of lie detection, observing of someone's behaviour or modern alternative methods, such as lie detection via handwriting or drawing, whose research has just started. The thesis explores also some other aspects, that can influence the deception detection, namely false memories, false confessions and the suggestive style of conducting the interrogation.
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The sympathy and the antipathy in regard to women and men
Herlesová, Jitka ; Slaměník, Ivan (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
Experiencing the impression of a person that evokes a likable or not likable effect from the gender point of view. One of the most frequent impressions when meeting a hitherto unknown person is liking or not liking. This first impression is experienced in some way, it results in some behavior. At the same time (mostly without being aware of it) it unwinds from subjectively produced characteristics of a likably or not likably impressing person. We used the prototype approach to fmd out the idea of the likable or not likable man at lay public. In the following research phase we balanced the sample of participants from the gender point ofview. The participants judged on the five-point Likert - type scale the sign typicalness of experience, behavior, and persona! characteristics at the likable I not likable person. Statistical analysis of data proveď significant gender differences.
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Psychological and social aspects of foreing peacekeeping mission of the Czech republic armed forces
Hrstka, Zdeněk ; Štětovská, Iva (referee) ; Slaměník, Ivan (referee)
This rigorous thesis is based on my PhD thesis "Psychological and Social Aspects of Foreign Peacekeeping Missions", defended in 2009 at the Department of Military Hygiene and Preventive Medicine at the Faculty of Military Health Sciences in Hradec Králové, University of Defence in Brno. The original PhD thesis was extended with the issue of the military environment in the Czech Armed Forces, with uniqueness and particularities of interpersonal relationships in the Czech Armed Forces, with the issue of combat stress and combat fatigue and with the burn-out syndrome. New objectives were added to the original ones and new hypotheses related to the topic were determined according to the supplemented research. The bibliography was extended as well. The main objective of the research was to judge the selected psychological and social aspects of foreign peacekeeping missions of the Czech Armed Forces Medical Service which can impact on changes of soldiers' quality of life and interpersonal relationships. The psychological and diagnostic methods of DZP, IES-R, DŽS, BM, SVF-78. EOD-A and ŠSA were used to find out partial objectives of the research. The Czech Armed Forces foreign peacekeeping mission is assessed in the thesis as a specific military activity which can impact on development of the...
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