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Local people's courts in the Jablonec area
Beerová, Zuzana ; Šouša, Jiří (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
Local people's courts in Jablonec area Abstract The thesis Local people's courts in Jablonec area consists of two basic parts. The general part applies generally to the institution of people's courts, their ideological grounds, the local people's courts statute and it's interpretation, the problems of chosen institutes are connected to the people's courts statute and to the activities of these courts. In the special part consisted by the parts 2 - 4 focuses the thesis on the application and comparison of findings from the general part to experiences of concrete local people's courts in Jablonec area, precisely in the district of Jablonec nad Nisou. For the general part were as sources used mainly periodical monographs dedicated to the theme local people's courts and periodical articles in the specialized journals Právník and Socialistická zákonnost. The thesis is also based on contemporary articles, mainly from the L. Soukup's article. In the special part processes the thesis the accessible archival funds about concrete local people's courts kept in the State district archives in Jablonec nad Nisou and Most. The local people's courts were an experiment of the socialistic judiciary situated on the boundary of executive and judicial power, with a character similar to the nowadays district courts and offence...
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Constitutio Criminalis Josephina and its influence on the decision-making practice of the Court of Appeal: Sexual offences in the years 1687-1727
Vacek, Josef ; Starý, Marek (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
Thesis title in English Constitutio Criminalis Josephina and its influence on the decision-making practice of the Court of Appeal: Sexual offences in the years 1687-1727 Abstract This paper captures the development of the juridical practice of the Prague Court of Appeal between years 1687-1727 and examines the influence of the Constitutio Criminalis Josephina of 1707/8 on this practice. The research is focused on punishing of the sexual offenses, ie adultery, bigamy, fornication, incest, rape and sodomy. The primary sources for the research are law codes, especially Koldín's Code Práva městská Království českého (1579) and "Josephina"; besides them others are used: the Constitutio Criminalis Carolina (1532), the Constitutio Criminalis Ferdinandea (1656) and Brikcí's Práva městská (1536). The practice of the appellate court itself has been examined on the basis of the books of sentences that contain the judgments of that court. Firstly, the relevant legislation of the period was described for each of the offenses and then the judicial practice was examined. The applied methodology can be qualified as quantitative-qualitative comparative analysis which makes possible recognizing the changes that occurred with the implementation of "Josephina". The main findings of the thesis suggest that "Josephina" was an...
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Development of system and administration of tax duties in the Czech lands
Jecha, Martin ; Šouša, Jiří (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
NÁZEV DIPLOMOVÉ PRÁCE V ANGLICKÉM JAZYCE Development of system and administration of tax duties in the Czech lands ABSTRACT The diploma thesis concerns the analysis of the evolution of the legal regulation of taxes and administrative fees, especially with their administration within the territory of the Czech Republic Selected few most important obligations, which the ruling class imposed on the population, are described. The evolution of taxes is mapped beginning with the 11th century, when the first states in the region of the current Czech Republic were forming (however, even earlier mentions can be found), and concluding with World War One, i.e. the end of the reign of the Hapsburg monarchy. The main focus of the thesis is to provide the analysis of tax obligations and their administration in the 19th century. The object of the research is the taxation system itself as a collection of individual taxes imposed on the population of a certain region, focusing only on certain taxes. Those were chosen using a criteria defined in the next part of the text. The first and most important criterion is the importance attached to the selected tax at the time of its creation and during the time it was in use, which usually equalled the size of the income the tax was able to bring to the royal budget. In other cases,...
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Treason and high treason in czech legal history
Novotný, Patrik ; Starý, Marek (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
High Treason and Treason against the Homeland in the History of Czech Law Key words High Treason, Treason, History Abstract The diploma thesis "High Treason and Treason against the Homeland in the History of Czech Law" deals with two constitutional and criminal law institutes, which seem similar at first glance. These notions have appeared relatively abundantly in the history of Czech law and their meaning and definition have undergone several significant changes. Hence, the objective of this study is to provide, inter alia, a sufficiently detailed description of the historical development of both institutes in these intertwined branches of law. The descriptive historical part constitutes the basis for the second comprehensive part, a legal comparison between high treason and treason against the homeland either in each of the relevant branches or across them. The final chapter of the thesis, which is based on current knowledge, makes a comparison between these notions in the present Czech and Austrian law. The factors relevant for the first of the objectives of this diploma thesis - a historical description of high treason and treason against the homeland - are historical events and the related laws, as well as the changing political culture or the demand of those in power for the enactment of legal...
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Restrictions in public and private lives of Jews during the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia - legal regulations and their practical application
Bačová, Jitka ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
This thesis "Restrictions in public and private lives of Jews during the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia - legal regulations and their practical application" deals with how Jews were excluded from public and private life, after the commencement of Nazi occupation, all this taking place legally. The work is concerned with how the exclusion of Jews was legally anchored. This work is arranged systematically, and it is divided into ten chapters. Specifically, the thesis pays attention to the origins of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and its characteristics, law making in the protectorate, outset of the Solution to the Jewish Question that already appeared in Second Republic, introduction to Jewish politics in the protectorate, definition of the term Jew in the protectorate, exclusion of Jews in public life, racial bans, exclusion of half-Jewish people, as well as husbands or wives of Jews from public life, and concluding with restriction of Jews in private life. Key words Jews Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia Restrictions in public and private lives
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Nationalization and confiscation between 1945 and 1948
Holfeld, Christian ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
The diploma thesis deals primarily with the so-called first stage of the nationalization process in Czechoslovakia, which took place between 1945 - 1948, and the post-war confiscations of the same period, as well. The objective of the thesis is particularly to describe and analyze the then relevant legal regulations and place them adequately in the historical context. The content of the five thematic chapters is adapted to this topic. First, it attempts to define the basic concepts of nationalization, appropriation, socialization, expropriation and confiscation. Subsequently, it examines the basic historical roots of the concept of nationalization. It does so especially by comparing the approaches to proprietary rights through the prism of two dominant ideologies, namely liberalism and socialism. The core of the thesis consists of the nationalization and confiscation decrees themselves and the issues related. The National Institute of Administration was closely associated with this issue, as well. From the legislator's point of view, it was also necessary to distinguish which assets were to be confiscated and which, on the other hand, nationalized. The film industry first, followed by mines and large industrial enterprises, the food industry, banking and insurance companies were subject to...
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Legal Forms of persecution of citizens in the Protectorate 1939-1945 in comparison with the occupied Netherlands
Mamrilla, Filip ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
Legal Forms of persecution of citizens in the Protectorate 1939-1945 in comparison with the occupied Netherlands In 1939, Czechoslovakia was destroyed by Nazi Germany without a single shot. Less than a year later, the Netherlands was conquered by the German army in the course of Blitzkrieg in the West. Both countries remained under occupation for almost six years, while their citizens faced an unprecedented persecution. Since these countries share a lot of commonalities, concerning size of their territory, wartime development and the form of occupation, they proved to be an ideal example to provide the comparison of the Nazi occupation regime in Western and Eastern Europe. Bohemia and Moravia joined the Reich as a protectorate, an institute of international public law that was very rare in the European context. Kingdom of Netherlands was transformed into so-called Reichskommisariat, a provisional arrangement that was supposed mainly to maintain public order in order to secure the industrial production. In the first place, this thesis trying to describe the distinction that the Nazis were making between occupied territories in the West and in the East in terms of ideology, because it greatly affected their approach to these countries and the intensity of the repression. The Netherlands was perceived by Nazi...
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Political trials in the 1950s in Czechoslovakia (the case of Babice)
Jíša, Jan ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
Political Trials of 1950s in Czechoslovakia - Babice Case The goal of this thesis is to describe political trials in wider context and discuss in detail about one of the greatest trials- Babice trial. In the present thesis is mapped political- history development in postwar Czechoslovakia until the revolution in 1948, analysis of key legal norms adopted after the February based on which was possible to hold political trials, classification of political trials and detailed analysis of Babice trial. The thesis is systematically divided into three chapters. The first chapter splits into two subheads. In the first subheads is discussed the political situation in postwar Czechoslovakia, formation of the first postwar government and gradual take-over by Communist Party which culminated into coup d'état in February 1948. The second subhead is dedicated to major changes in legal order and justice where was the most important that norms which was the basis for holding of political trials. The second chapter contains the characteristic of political trials, description of generation mechanism, incl. authority which has crucial impact on their actions, followed by the division of political trials according to involved groups of people. The most extensive part of whole thesis is third chapter where is analysed...
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The duel in Czech law
Jindříšková, Eliška ; Starý, Marek (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
The purpose of the thesis is to analyse the law approach to duels in Czech law history and by analysis of selected legal texts to confirm the hypothesis that rather than idea of social development with ideas of humanity it is the fact that duel by its nature is competing with the law that determines the prevailing law approach to duels and the progress of this approach. This matter, the law approach to duels changing dynamically in history, is observed particularly from a law-giver point of view. The thesis consists of eight chapters, including introductory and ending part. The division into chapters is made chronologically with respect to prevailing law approach to duels (with the exception of the first and second chapter). In Introduction are briefly listed and evaluated works dealing with the abovementioned matter as well as introduction to the methodology used in the thesis. Chapter One examines meaning, origins and development of meaning of the word duel ("souboj" in Czech) and its equivalents. Chapter Two deals with origins of the duel. It is divided into two parts. Part One presents the main approaches in recent literature to the matter of duel origins. Part Two focuses on one of the most important sources of duel - a feud. Chapter Three is addressed to the duel as a part of legal...
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The Faculty of Law of Charles University in 1948-1955, institutional and personal transformation of the Faculty in the proces of Sovietization of higher education in Czechoslovakia
Sojková, Alena ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Skřejpková, Petra (referee)
When KSČ gained power in ČSR, one of the steps it had to initialize in order to seize control over the Czechoslovak public was re-education and alternation of its intelligence. In order to do so, it was necessary to fully reorganize the system of universities. The arrangements that were being performed in the name of this principle strongly influenced also the Faculty of Law, Charles University, which was before February, 1948, considered the most reactive and the most conservative faculty of this university. The first part of this paper will consider the personal changes at universities, with a special emphasis on the Faculty of Law, Charles University. The first of the "cleansing processes" was the examination of the national reliabilities, the foreground of what proceeded after February, 1948. The politically motivated elimination of students, initiated by the National Committee and the so-called "study inspections" of the years 1948-49 and the exclusion of the university professors after February, 1948 onwards, soon followed. This cleansing enabled the party to appoint such members of KSČ who did not resist further measures. The second part of the paper discusses the organizational changes of the faculty and of the whole educational system on the base of the new law treating the universities,...
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