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Hazardous components: A case study in textile waste management
Shtukaturova, Anastasia
Textile waste, a problem that has been somewhat overlooked for many years, is now coming to the fore.1 The textile value chain is long\nand complex, with over 8000 chemicals used in different manufacturing processes.2 A wide variety of chemicals are used in the manufacture of textile products for the improvement of essential properties and performance of textiles. Chemicals used in textiles significantly improve their quality and appearance. However, the harmful effects of these chemicals can occur at various stages of textile production and processing, such as dyeing, printing and finishing, as well as during use by consumers and at the end-of-life stage.3 There is a lack of safety information on the presence and use of all of these chemicals in consumer products.
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Current state of textile waste management in the Czech Republic
Shtukaturova, Anastasia ; Šyc, Michal ; Gregor, J. ; Kropáč, J. ; Pavlas, M. ; Valta, J.
The textile industry is the fourth largest polluter after the food, construction and transport industries and the fifth largest producer of greenhouse gases. It is well known that the EU is moving towards a total ban on landfill and wants to achieve the highest possible recycling rate with the technology available today, which means that textile waste have to be recycled at the same level as other commodities. In 2018, the EU adopted a Circular Economy Package that needs to be transposed into the legislation of each Member State. It is important to adapt the waste management policy of each Member State to achieve the highest level of environmental sustainability. As a follow-up to the Circular Economy Package, a new Waste Act appeared in the Czech Republic in 2021, which will guide it towards the transition to a circular economy. The main challenges of the new Waste Act are to ban the landfilling of recyclable materials from 2030 and to achieve ambitious recycling targets for recyclable materials, including textile waste. To support the Czech Republic's transition to a circular economy model, the CEVOOH project has been established, which requires research in areas such as material flows, innovative technologies to minimise the use of primary raw materials in production, maximum material utilisation and use of waste, by-products and intermediate products, eco-design of products, monitoring and evaluation of not only environmental but also socio-economic processes. Textile waste is a part of the CEVOOH project, where the current state of this commodity and recycling methods are the main goals. As a part of research for the CEVOOH project, Material Flow Analysis (MFA) has been chosen as a tool to describe the current state with textile waste and its waste management options in the country.
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Analysis of textile waste streams in the Czech Republic
Shtukaturova, Anastasia
In 2020, the EU adopted new Circular Economy Action Plan (CEAP), the principles of which must be implemented into the legislation of each Member State. The main goal of CEAP is to maximize the recycling of all types of usable waste, including textile waste, where its sorting will be mandatory from the year 2025. In the Czech Republic, a new waste treatment law based on the CEAP appeared in the year 2021. The new waste treatment law determines\nimportant changes to existing collection and treatment methods of textile waste.
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Material flow analysis of textile waste streams in the Czech Republic.
Shtukaturova, Anastasia
Volumes of textile waste have been continuously increasing over last few decades because of the overconsumption of textile products linked to low-cost fast fashion, growing population and higher living standards. Both textile industry and waste generation contribute to environmental pollution and production of greenhouse and waste gases. In 2020, the EU adopted the new Circular Economy Action Plan (CEAP) for the transition to the circular economy where the waste considers to be a valuable resource. Principles of the CEAP need to be implemented into the legislation of each Member state. In the Czech Republic, a new waste treatment law based on the CEAP was adopted in 2021. The new waste treatment law determines important changes for the textile waste treatment in the country. To prepare the Czech Republic for these significant changes, a material flow analysis (MFA) was created to determine the current state with textile waste streams. The results showed that the production of industrial textile waste was 70 405 tons in the year 2010 and 87 840 tons in the year 2019, so there is no big increase for this type of textile waste. The production of textile waste from households was 37 393 tons in the year 2019 and it is almost ten times higher in a comparison with the year 2010. Moreover, the analysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) samples showed that they contained about 7% of different types of used textiles which may be suitable for recycling. Obtained results confirm that the Czech Republic is not enough prepared for meeting the objectives of the CEAP in a case of textile waste because of its constantly growing volumes and lack of recycling technologies.\n\n
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Analysis of textile waste streams in the Czech Republic
Shtukaturova, Anastasia
Our results confirm that the Czech Republic is not well prepared to fulfill the ambitious goals of the CEAP in respect to textile waste because of continually growing volumes of this type of the waste and hardly available official data about its production, lack of recycling technologies and obsolete waste collection system.\n
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