|
| |
|
|
Multimodality MR Imaging of Pathological Changes in Schizophrenia
Slezák, Ondřej ; Ryška, Pavel (advisor) ; Mechl, Marek (referee) ; Heřman, Miroslav (referee)
Multimodality MR imaging of pathological changes in schizophrenia Aim: To prove structural changes of the neocortex and white matter of the brain indicating connectivity disorder in early phases of schizophrenia. Material and methods: A prospective monocentric study comparing a cohort of patients after the first episode of schizophrenia (on average 15.6 days after the initial hospitalization) with a control group of healthy persons. Probands were examined using a complex MRI protocol. Twenty-six patients and twenty-four healthy persons were examined in total. Three dimensional T1 and T2 data and DWI data were analyzed using TBSS FA, FBA a surface- based morphometry. Results: Large areas of dispersively decreased FA were found in patients compared to control group using TBSS. Several fixels of decreased FD metric were found using FBA in the anterior commissure of patients and one sporadic fixel of decreased FDC metric was found in frontal white matter of the brain. No statistically significant areas of cortical surface area and cortical thickness differences were found using SBM. Conclusions: Large areas of decreased microstructural integrity of the white matter of the brain were found. However, it was not possible to specify the nature of its corruption using FBA. Our findings indicate the crucial role of...
|
|
|
Monitoring and Comparison of the Therapeutic Effect of the Three Miniinvasive Low Back Pain Treatment Methods (Pulsed Radiofrequency Modulation, Oxygen-ozone Therapy and Periradicular Therapy) in Patients with Algic Radicular Syndrome L5 or S1 over a Period of One Year after Procedure
Jandura, Jiří ; Ryška, Pavel (advisor) ; Gabrhelík, Tomáš (referee) ; Heřman, Miroslav (referee)
Aim: To compare the therapeutic efficacy of the three minimally invasive methods (PRF, KOT, PRT) in patients with chronic (more than 3 months lasting) unilateral radicular syndrome L5 or S1. The hypothesis: PRF and KOT are more effective than PRT in the treatment of chronic radicular pain. Material and methods: Prospective, randomized, unilaterally blinded, monocentric study. All patients underwent one of the procedures, navigated by CT. Two questionnaires: PainDETECT and Oswestry disability questionnaire were used to measure of the outcome - before treatment, immediately after and at the of 3th, 6th and 12th month after. Evaluated parameters: quantity of pain (VAS), neuropathic component of pain (NB), disability (ODI), character of pain (CHB), analgesic consumption (an), physiotherapy (re). Results: Group of 178 patients (115 women, 63 men, median age 56, BMI 27,5). (PRF 57, KOT 69, PRT 52). VAS was immediately reduced after procedures, mainly in PRT group with statistic significance in comparison - KOT to PRT (p = 0,0152). By the end of 3rd and 6th month after, the VAS values in all methods were similar, still lower than before treatment. PRT showed the best analgesic effect on NB, with statistical significance between PRT and PRF after 3rd and 6th month (p = 0,0457 and 0,0108, respectively)....
|
|
|
Landscape of mining
Frič, Miloslav ; Ryška, Pavel (referee) ; Vaněk, Vojtěch (advisor)
The landscape of surface mining is a visual play that expoits the land on this large format drawing. My work investigates the limits of hanged art piece through the use of video projection and camera. The spectator is not limited by a clear thought framework but urged to experience a visual experience in this very place and time.
|
|
|
The Empirics of Deflation and Economic Growth
Ryska, Pavel ; Šíma, Josef (advisor) ; Salerno, Joseph (referee) ; Hülsmann, Jörg Guido (referee) ; White, William (referee)
Author: Pavel Ryska Doctoral thesis: The Empirics of Deflation and Economic Growth Abstract This doctoral thesis deals with the relationship between deflation and economic growth. Existing empirical research has focused on the simple link between price growth and GDP growth or introduced narrower price measures as control variables. The goal of the present work is to account for shifts in both demand and supply, so that the effect of price inflation on growth as such could be separated from effects of changes in certain elements of nominal demand and supply. The work takes two general approaches. First, I use a large macroeconomic panel data set of 20 countries over approximately 140 years to explore long-run and short-run effects of inflation on output growth, after controlling for money supply growth as a demand shifter and oil price growth as a proxy for shifts in supply. In doing so, I use a range of methods such as the vector error-correction model, autoregressive distributed lag model and the fixed effects panel model. Second, I propose a new approach that uses disaggregated sector data from national accounts on output, prices and other variables to explore the link between quantity produced and sector inflation rates. The advantage of the data set is that it is rich in modern-day observations of...
|
|
|
Togo in ECOWAS and Slovakia in the EU: Comparison of Economic Development
Mihaldová, Veronika ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ryska, Pavel (referee)
This bachelor thesis examines the economic development of Economic Community of West African States and the European Union. It analysis and compares these institutions in the first place. Then, it analysis the corresponding monetary union, the West African Economic and Monetary Union and the Economic Monetary Union. On the basis of theoretical background the focus is then put onto the comparison of economic development of Togo and Slovakia, two countries of which one represents ECOWAS and the WAEMU, and, on the contrary, the second one the EU and the EMU. From the empirical perspective, the thesis applies the econometric analysis of panel data consisting of 30 countries that are observed for the period of 10 years, from 2007 to 2016. Standard panel data methods are tested along with the dynamic panel data method and then compared. Consequently, the main aim of the thesis and its empirical part is to apply already developed econometric models, originally intended for different group of countries, on the data to see whether they can be used to explain economic development of ECOWAS and the EU. Keywords Togo, ECOWAS, Slovakia, European Union, comparative economics, economic develop- ment, analysis
|
|
|
The Impact of Age Structure on Inflation - Example of Developing Countries
Zakaraia, Khatia ; Ryska, Pavel (advisor) ; Janda, Karel (referee)
Many countries in the world experience demographic transition - significant decrease of fertility rates and increase share of the old population. The pace and characteristics of demographic shifts however are individual for each country. At the same time these countries face low inflation rates or even deflation. In this thesis I demonstrate how demographic changes are correlated with low inflation rates. I estimated two different models - VAR and FEM for panel data using two samples of developing countries. The primary argument of using two separate groups for estimating the same problem is robustness check, whether all three imposed hypotheses will hold in any sample of the population. These hypotheses are - first, deflation is positively correlated with increased share of the old population, second, low inflation in developing economies has structural pattern due to demographic changes and third, deflation can be forecastable if it is driven by demographic trends. Despite the heterogeneity of the results from PVAR and FEM, a negative impact of aging population on inflation has been proved. Also estimation results support our two hypotheses that low inflation if it is partially driven by aging structure changes, has structural rather than cyclical characteristics and is predictable. Contribution...
|
|
|
An empirical approach to understanding Japan's secular stagnation through Austrian business cycle theory
Kessl, Daniel ; Ryska, Pavel (advisor) ; Moravcová, Hana (referee)
The present thesis estimates an econometric model based on the Austrian business cycle theory on data from the 'lost decades' in Japan - a period of economic stagnation from 1990 to 2010. The results show a negative significant effect both of the ratio of consumption to investment expenditure and the term spread on aggregate economic activity, a result consistent with the expectations and with other empirical studies done on the subject. Overall, the estimation confirms the hypothesis of Austrian business cycle theory that monetary shocks explain business cycles. JEL Classifications B25, C22, C52, E32, E43 Keywords Austrian business cycle theory, Japan, linear regression, time series models, business cycles Author's e-mail 80022787@fsv.cuni.cz Supervisor's e-mail pavel_ryska@volny.cz
|
|
|
Analysis of the impact of possible changes in the parameters of the Czech pension system on its balance
Maivald, Matěj ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ryska, Pavel (referee)
Pension system in the Czech Republic still heavily relies on a model based on current disbursement method (PAYG), which is largely based on intergenerati- onal solidarity. With expected demographic changes, however, the amount of those who contribute will decrease and the oncoming retirement of populous generations of 70s together with prolonging life expectancy on the other hand will cause expenditure to increase. This thesis takes advantage of two different demographic projections and incorporates the latest macroeconomic data and legislative changes to capture the possible future scenarios. The results of this part suggest that the current system is not sustainable without intense external financing. Further it explores the impact of potential changes in various parameters of the pension system on the final account balance of pension insurance and tries to find their ideal setting that would allow for a balanced budget. Changes that would be required to implement in order to attain this objective are not insignificant and could be negatively reflected in the overall development of the Czech economy. It is therefore inevitable to start a discussion about more comprehensive possible reforms of the Czech pension system. JEL Classification E17, J11, H55 Keywords pension system, pay as you go system,...
|
|
|
Monetary policy approaches at the ZLB to solve post-crisis situation and their effectiveness
Hummelová, Magdalena ; Hlaváček, Michal (advisor) ; Ryska, Pavel (referee)
Monetary policy approaches at the ZLB to solve post-crisis situation and their effectiveness Magdalena Hummelová May 10, 2016 Abstract This thesis describes monetary policy tools implemented by central banks whose main monetary policy rates at some point after 2008 global economic crisis hit the zero lower bound. Central banks considered in this study are the Fed, the ECB, the SNB and the CNB. A smaller ef- fectiveness analysis of the macroeconomic effects using a simple vector autoregressive (VAR) model is provided as well. The model is inspired by similar study of Gambacorta et al. (2012). With the use of monthly data over the sample period, the VAR tries to quantify the impact an increase in a central bank's balance sheet has on the main economic indicators- real output, consumer prices and implied volatility indices in the financial markets. Some of the results are comparable to those of the reference study mentioned above. This applies to the output results in a sense that the balance sheet shock has a slightly significant temporary effect on it. On the contrary, responses of the implied volatility indices and prices are less significant (or insignificant) and not at all comparable with the reference study. With some exceptions, there are no major discrepancies between individual country results in spite of...
|
guest ::
RSS feed.