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Civil law aspects of self-driving vehicles
Přenosilová, Klára ; Elischer, David (advisor) ; Psutka, Jindřich (referee) ; Rozehnal, Aleš (referee)
Civil law aspects of self-driving vehicles Abstract This dissertation focuses on the civil law aspects of the still relatively new phenomenon of self-driving cars. Considering that what distinguishes an autonomous car from a conventional car is mainly the autopilot software, which enables its autonomous driving without driver intervention, the legal analysis of the autopilot is given special attention. The aim is to provide a comprehensive analysis of this phenomenon from all fundamental aspects of civil law. The dissertation is divided into a total of five parts. The first introduces autonomous cars and their classification from a technical point of view. The second part deals with the civil law nature of the autonomous car and the autopilot software. After an initial definition of the terms, the autonomous car and its software are considered in terms of their nature as a thing, their status, their copyright protection and their nature as a product. The third part provides a legal assessment of the main contracts that may typically be entered into in connection with their use. These include the purchase contract and, given the interdependence of the autonomous car with the autopilot software, the licence and the software-as-a-service agreement. The fourth part is devoted to the ethical aspects of the use...
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Weaker Party and Consumer in E-commerce
Kmoch, Štěpán ; Elischer, David (advisor) ; Selucká, Markéta (referee) ; Rozehnal, Aleš (referee)
Weaker Party and Consumer in E-commerce Abstract The guiding principles of private law include the principles of equality and autonomy of the will. The question of access to freedom of contract is highly relevant for contracting in e-commerce, given the almost exclusively adhesive nature of contracting. Real inequality and restrictions on freedom of contract undermine these principles, and one of the functions of the law is to balance the resulting asymmetry in the legal position of persons, which is something that the legislator, particularly the European legislator, has long sought to do. The ambition of this dissertation is first to take a notional step back and, thanks to my legal specialization in e-commerce law, to critically evaluate the legislator's efforts, which I do more comprehensively in Chapters 4 and 5. For these purposes, I place the relevant legislation (which includes indirect consumer protection legislation such as the GDPR or the ePrivacy Directive) in the broader social context of the world of e-commerce. In doing so, I proceed systematically. First, I address issues such as the position of e-commerce in the economy, digitization, automation of work, and, last but not least, the data economy. I then elaborate on the legislative objectives of the legislator and, based on the data...
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Right to be forgotten as part of personality rights
Vítek, Dominik ; Elischer, David (advisor) ; Rozehnal, Aleš (referee) ; Šustek, Petr (referee)
Dominik Vítek 1 Abstract - Right to be forgotten as part of personality rights Right to be forgotten (or also right to oblivion) is a new phenomenon formed by the Court of Justice of the European Union in 2014 in the case of Google Spain. The right was then enacted as part of the General Data Protection Regulation and consequently became applicable throughout the EU and EEA since 25 May 2018. This thesis goes beyond the scope of personal data protection (under the GDPR) and considers whether the right to be forgotten forms a part of the personality and the right to privacy as such, thus being protected as a fundamental human right. On this basis, it also considers whether not only individuals but also legal entities could benefit from the right to be forgotten. These questions are assessed in view of the conflict of fundamental human rights and their proportionality test - right to privacy (also relying on and stemming from human inviolability and dignity) as balanced against other human rights, in particular, freedom to speech and freedom of information that need to be evaluated when performing the right be forgotten. It is also necessary to consider the purpose and fundamental principles of privacy and its protection and the purpose of forgetting and its meaning for individuals and society as a whole. All...
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Claim and dispositions with it
Kment, Václav ; Elischer, David (advisor) ; Rozehnal, Aleš (referee) ; Kolesár, Pavel (referee)
Claim and dispositions with it Abstract This thesis aims to provide readers with a comprehensive insight into the law of obligations with regard to the theoretical concept of a claim and analyze its place in the legal system as a concept of relative property law and at the same time thing from the perception of the current civil law. The first chapter presents the characteristics of an obligation and its cause and further elaborates on its origin, changes and termination. The second chapter analyses the nature of a claim, as the right of a creditor to demand performance from a debtor from both theoretical and practical poin of view, taking into account the genesis of understanding of this institute from Roman law to the current apprehension in the law of the Czech Republic. For the sake of completeness, a chapter on debt has also been included in the thesis, in order to analyse debt as an institute standing on the other side of the spectrum of an obligation with emphasis on possible dispositions therewith from the point of view of the debtor and the creditor. The fourth chapter deals with the pivotal theme of the thesis, namely dispositions with receivables and their limitations, which arises from the fact that a receivable, although being a property value owned by its creditor, stems from the relationship...
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Claims arising from the breach of a contractual obligation (in private law relationships)
Kašová, Lenka ; Horáček, Vít (advisor) ; Rozehnal, Aleš (referee)
Claims arising from the breach of a contractual obligation (in private law relationships) The topic of this Master's degree thesis is "Claims arising from the breach of a contractual obligation in private law relationships". The aim of this thesis is especially to outline the claims that may arise to the contractual party in case the other party breaches its contractual obligation. The text characterizes the particular claims, compares them mutually and subsequently shows their main differences. Each chapter contains an important passage focused on legal enactment of particular claims in the New Civil Code that comes into effect on 1st January 2014. The thesis is composed of four chapters, each of which deals with one legal institute that may be considered as a consequence of the breach of contract, namely the liability for default, the liability for damage, the contractual penalty and the liability for defects. The chapter One analyzes situation when the debtor breaches his duty to perform duly and in due time. The purpose of the chapter Two is to describe the essential preconditions for occurrence of the liability for damage, to provide with information about scope and methods of damages including (im)possibility of contractual limitation of damages under Czech law. The second chapter also...
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Regulation of advertisements in pharmaceutical industry
Metelka, Jan ; Patěk, Daniel (advisor) ; Rozehnal, Aleš (referee)
Abstract, Jan Metelka The main aim of this diploma thesis was to firstly explain the field of human pharmaceuticals and regulation of advertisement regarding them, from the general point of view and then in details. In order to achieve this it was required to define advertisement and pharmaceuticals because these terms and crucial for the whole thesis. Both definitions may be off the scope of this text however it plays an important role in understanding all necessary issues. Advertisements in pharmaceutical industry have some specifics as described in chapter 2. There are two kinds of recipients - experts (doctors and pharmacists) and ordinary people (mostly patients). Every kind is special and regulated in a different way. Third chapter described all steps in administrative proceedings related to Act on Advertisement, forming a public branch of law against unfair competition. It summarises and divides all misdemeanours, statistically describes how often they occur and deeply analyses possible breaches of Act on Advertisement. The main part of this thesis is Chapter seven, dealing with unfair competition in private law, as mentioned in early chapters, however here it is specifically described how to apply the general clause and the more important kinds of unfair competition such as deceptive adverts and...
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Regulation of advertisements for medical products for human use focused on professionals
Laštůvková, Vlaďka ; Patěk, Daniel (advisor) ; Rozehnal, Aleš (referee)
This thesis deals with the regulation of advertising of medicinal products aimed at healthcare professionals. The thesis is focused on a deeper analysis of selected provisions, their critical assessment in light of courts' as well as the State Institute for Drug Control's decisions and proposals of possible improvements of the current status. The aim of this thesis is to explore the scope of the current legislation and to evaluate the regulation of the advertising of medicinal products aimed at healthcare professionals from its sufficiency and appropriateness point of view. The aim is also to suggest possible solutions for improving problematic parts. The introduction briefly describes the two fundamental terms, human medicinal products and advertising, along with basic introduction of the price and reimbursement of medicinal products. The introductory section also identifies reasons for the exclusive regulation of this type of advertising. Basic aspects of the regulation are introduces as well. The following section critically evaluates the term healthcare professional in relation to the status of nurses and patients. This is followed by a summary of the basic European Union's regulation that is reflected by those Czech laws regulating advertising of medicinal products aimed at healthcare...
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Legal Penalty for Unfair Competition
Tulačková, Markéta ; Patěk, Daniel (advisor) ; Rozehnal, Aleš (referee)
Legal Penalty for Unfair Competition Unfair competition law has quite a long tradition in the Czech Republic. After the recodification of private law, the basis of the legal regulation of unfair competition is contained in the Civil Code, which is a fundamental code of the general civil law. Other legal remedies are based in the Civil Procedure Code. In the last decades some elements of the public law also infiltrated the system of legal penalties for unfair competition. The aim of this diploma thesis is to introduce the system of legal penalties for unfair competition in the Czech Republic. The main emphasis is put on the private law regulation, i.e. the regulation contained in the Civil Code and the Civil Procedure Code. The text of this thesis focuses on the comparison of the particular remedies under the Civil Code with the remedies that used to be anchored in the Commercial Code as well as on the alterations put on the unfair competition law in connection with enacting the new Civil Code. The thesis is divided into four chapters. Chapter One first of all briefly introduces unfair competition law and sets it in the context of international law and European law. Additionally, the meaning of the general clause of unfair competition and its relationship with the special statutory clauses of unfair...
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Comparison of legal regulation of patents in the Czech Republic and the People's Republic of China
Černá, Lucie ; Rozehnal, Aleš (advisor) ; Horáček, Tomáš (referee)
Comparison of legal regulation of patents in the Czech Republic and the People's Republic of China - Abstract This thesis compares legal system of patents in Czech Republic and People's Republic of China with the focus on Patent Laws and other legislation in respective countries. The aim of this paper is to present the approach that Czech and Chinese society adopted with respect to patent law, together with its' historical evolution in both compared countries. This historical insight into the evolution of patent legislation is aimed to help the reader to understand, why certain legislation is present in national patent laws, even though both countries are members of WTO and WIPO and parties to Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property. Another goal of this thesis is to compare the national patent legislation of individual patent institutes, to highlight the differences of such patent institutes and map the influence that the international treaties and international organizations have on the national patent legislation of its' respective country. Finally, this thesis will attempt to briefly introduce the Chinese system of patent enforcement and its practical application when the patentee seeks patent enforcement with Chinese authorities. This diploma thesis is divided into four chapters. The...
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Protection of economic competition - block exemption for vertical agreements
Vohnický, Petr ; Horáček, Vít (advisor) ; Rozehnal, Aleš (referee)
The Master's thesis provides readers with a basic analysis of Commission Regulation 330/2010. The mentioned regulation confers a benefit of the so called block exemption on broad spectrum of vertical agreements including in this context also certain agreements among competing undertakings. Since agreements enjoying the benefit of the block exemption are presumed to meet criteria stipulated in Article 101 (3) TFEU, the block exemption eliminates legal uncertainty which undertakings whose agreements distort competition within the meaning of Article 101 (1) TFEU would otherwise face. It follows that it is not necessary to examine such agreements on its merits. Thus, transaction costs are reduced. Structure of the thesis is chosen so that it reflects three main questions concerning applicability of the block exemption, namely whether (i) an agreement falls within the scope of Commission Regulation 330/2010, whether (ii) it contains black clauses (hard-core restrictions) and whether (iii) it contains (non-severable) grey clauses. After a brief description of wider connections and general issues in Chapter One, in Chapter Two the thesis deals with the scope of Commission Regulation 330/2010 with respect to the notion of vertical agreement, the role of intellectual property rights, the treatment of...
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