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Music, time, and space in a progressive reflection of Leoš Janáček
Procházková, Jarmila
The paper focuses on that specific part of Janáček’s theory of music that deals with the relationship of music and space, thus logically including the term time as a continuum in which music takes place. Janáček found ideal study material in speech melodies (nápěvky) and in folk song, that is, in an area not touched negatively by literary (written) petrification. This enabled him to observe manifestations that originated spontaneously in rhythm and expression. The paper also deals with later reflections by Janáček of the specific connection of music with space, that is, the psychological internalization of music matter. Janáček found the theoretical explanation of folk song partly in geographical determinism. In his opinion, mesological influences determine the regionally-specific features of melody, rhythm, and other components of folk music. New philosophical and methodological influences, including Einstein’s Theory of Relativity, could be observed in Janáček’s theory in the beginning of the 1920s. The composer stopped using the term space-time, which included encoded variability and the independence of the observer. It was this subjectivity of the observer, presupposing shifts in time and thus in meaning, that became a part of Janáček’s understanding of the musical material, both in the reception phase and especially in the process of creation. This view supported Janáček’s tendency towards the tectonic concept of music structure, affirming him in his sophisticated work with time layers and consequently helping him create unique deeds in dramaturgy in the area of composing opera music.
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Metal alloys in the oral cavity
Tomka, Milan ; Procházková, Jarmila (advisor) ; Erdelský, Ivan (referee) ; Vaněk, Jiří (referee)
1 Summary For many years it was assumed that dental materials have almost no side effects except for very rare cases of allergic reactions. Adverse effects of dental materials are considered to be rare and exceptional. Low incidence of these reactions results from their high corrosion resistance and low toxicity. However, modern dental materials allowed a replacement of former metal dental materials, and thus allow a more detailed investigation of potential harmful effects. Due to the low incidence of adverse effects dental practitioners are not adequately experienced in this area, which results in underestimation or overestimation of potential risks. It is believed that dental materials do not cause systemic reactions and generalized manifestations are considered to be unique. Clinical manifestations of intolerance to dental materials are usually local. Reaction to dental material in direct contact with oral mucosa is considered to be the most common etiological factor of oral lichenoid reactions. It is usually caused by dental amalgam, less often by alloys containing nickel, gold, chromium, and palladium. Aim The aim of the study is to assess the relationship between white lesions of the oral mucosa (lichenoid lesions, leukoplakia, etc.) and potential irritation by dental materials. The long-term effect...
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From a Living Tradition to the Theory: Comments on the Origin of the Term ‘Zahušťování’ in Janáček’s Terminology
Procházková, Jarmila
The contribution of Czech composer Leoš Janáček (1854–1928) to music theory has been appreciated especially in the field of harmony. Within the context of music theory, Janáček's ideas on the 'thickness' of harmonic material first appeared in his study O skladbě souzvukův a jejich spojův (On the Construction of Chords and their Connections) in 1896. The term became fully developed and frequently used in his Úplná nauka o harmonii (The Complete Harmony Theory) in 1920. The origin and the use of the term by Janáček can be documented in connection with his experience with and discoveries from traditional folk music.
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