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Methods to detect selection in DNA sequences
Procházka, Ondřej ; Maděránková, Denisa (referee) ; Škutková, Helena (advisor)
The topic of semestral thesis is methods to detect selection in DNA sequences. In the begining of the thesis we will describe molecular evolution. It will be written what made the evolution and how the evolution is shown. Moreover there are gen mutations and mechanisms of diffuse and fixation. It will be defined what pozitive, negative and neutral selection is. The thesis is focused on evolution distance of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution. There will be described three methods – Nei-Gojobori, Li-Wu-Luo and Comeron. All these methods will be described with mathematic formulas. There will be statistic test to decide what kind of selection ti is – there will be used z-test. In the practical part, there will be information about developed software what counts selection pressure from sequences from databazes in format GenBank and it shows parts where selection is. The software will be used for two data sets with two different genetic codes. The result will be discussed. We will discuss results of all three methods of selection pressure and influence of input parametrs.
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Analysis of intracranial pressure
Procházka, Ondřej ; Kolářová, Jana (referee) ; Kozumplík, Jiří (advisor)
The aim of my bachelor’s work is the literature review about problematic of measurement and evaluation of intracranial pressure. I describe physical principle of intracranial pressure, anatomy of cerebral ventricle and different accesses and placement of measuring instruments in intracranial place. Moreover I describe evaluation of clinical data at standard way and explain analysis in frequency and time domain by program MATLAB. I make a script for analysis ICP data. It calculates main ICP, amplitude and latency of waves, RAP index and shows spectrum of amplitude.
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Socratic asking as a way to the truth
Procházka, Ondřej ; Rybák, David (advisor) ; Hauser, Michael (referee)
The thesis is focused on the method of Socratic questioning the essence of things and phenomena. This approach to his difficult, almost aporethical problems, is based on a structured, critical assessment of a given specific situation. These basic features will be demonstrated in Plato's early dialogues, specifically in Prótagoras and Faidros, where not only will we recognize the basic features of this dialectical method, but we will be able to understand the fundamental difference between Socrates and sophists. However, in order to fully understand this method, it is first necessary to understand the psychic and mental development of Socrates. Therefore, in addition to the above-mentioned texts, my work will also be based on the work of Jan Patočka, who maps this historical course and profile of the philosopher's life. What is the main point in the method of Socratic questioning? How can it be understood as a path to truth? And how can its knowledge and application change our daily lives?
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Generation Z' s attitude to shocking advertising
Procházka, Ondřej ; Rosenfeldová, Jana (advisor) ; Vranka, Marek (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on Generation Z and its attitude towards shock advertising. The theoretical part is firstly devoted to the definition of advertising and shock advertising. Next, it introduces Generation Z, its specifics and key attitudes. The practical part of the thesis describes the attitudinal research through in-depth interviews with ten respondents. Finally, the main findings from the research are presented in the form of eight key attitudes held by Generation Z towards shocking advertising.
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The light-curve solution of an eclipsing binary
Procházka, Ondřej ; Zasche, Petr (advisor) ; Wolf, Marek (referee)
The main aim of this work was the first detailed analysis of an eclipsing binary system V641 Aur. The complete light curve of this binary was obtained in three photometric filters, which were analyzed with the program PHOEBE. It is a double star with the orbital period of about 0.50487 day, whose both components are rather similar. Their individual spectral types are probably F6 and F8 (according to the temperatures), or F6 and F6 (as derived from masses). Both are orbiting on a circular orbit and despite their short period the system is a detached one and both components are still located on the main sequence. Moreover, thanks to the asymmetry of the light curve there was discovered a spot on the surface of the primary component, and the third light was not detected. For more detailed analysis higher accuracy of photometry and spectroscopy data are required.
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Value added tax from the point of view of Czech and Community law
Procházka, Ondřej ; Boháč, Radim (advisor) ; Kohajda, Michael (referee)
Value Added Tax in EC and Czech Tax Law Since 1950s, tax systems of jurisdictions around the world have undergone a revolutionary change, marked by the proliferation of value added tax. The pioneering jurisdiction in this respect has been the supranational European Economic Community, known as the European Community since 1992. Its common system of VAT has set out an example of an invoice based, credit substraction VAT which has since become a model for developed and deve- loping countries alike. In the Czech Republic, VAT was introduced in 1992 under strong EC influence, as part of a far-reaching tax reform aiming at adapting the tax system to the needs of market economy. As of May 1, 2004, Czech Republic joined the EC and became part of the common system. In this work, we first provide a general overview of the VAT. We identify its key characteristics and use classification to discuss the pros and cons of the invoice based credit substraction system. We review the VAT from the fiscal policy perspective and apply the criterions of sound tax design to explain the reasoning behind its popularity. Next, we explore in depth the development of common system of VAT in the EC. We discuss the reasoning behind its introduction, the economic and legal circumstances of its adoption and further development. We deem that...
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Population development in the post-socialist countries of EU at both national and regional level in the context of the second demographic transition
Procházka, Ondřej ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Šťastná, Anna (referee)
Population development in the post-socialist countries of EU at both national and regional level in the context of the second demographic transition Abstract This diploma thesis aims to analyse changes in demographic behaviour in the post-socialist countries of today's EU and confront them with the concept of the second demographic transition, or other alternative concepts, which are detailly discussed in the theoretical part. The period between 1980-2018 was covered - shortly before, during and after the transformation period. The analytical part consists of three parts: state and regional analysis with the addition of results from the GGS sample survey. The results confirmed the specificity of this region, differences in the development of traditional and liberal countries, significant regional differentiation in the development of demographic indicators and different causes of demographic change in the countries most affected by the transformation (Bulgaria, Romania and partially the Baltic states). The conclusions correspond to previous research, which emphasizes the need to consider different region-specific development trajectories, or the use of diverse concepts. Keywords: GGS, postponement transition concept, post-socialist countries, regional level, second demographic transition, social anomie...
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Geography of recent migration wave - from where, where to and why do refugees come?
Procházka, Ondřej ; Hasman, Jiří (advisor) ; Pavelková, Lenka (referee)
Geography of recent migration wave - from where, where to and why do refugees come? Abstract This bachelor thesis aims to find out what factors affect refugees when selecting an asylum destination country during the recent refugee and migrant wave. Potentially important factors are first selected on the basis of literature studies, and consequently their significance is quantitatively tested on the most important refugee flows. For clarity, individual factors are divided into four groups: cultural, economic, geographical and political factors. The analyzed set consists of paired data for the 20 most important source countries from different world regions and 31 destination countries that are members of the European Union, or the European Free Trade Association. The results confirmed the importance of colonial ties and of the same language, but some policy factors, such as social benefits in destination country, have also been shown to be important. The impact of economic factors was not confirmed as expected, but it was found neither for geographic factors, nor for migrant networks. Keywords: asylum destination choice; asylum seekers; international migration; refugee and migrant wave; refugees
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