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Protection of personal data
Kürtösiová, Milada ; Prášková, Helena (referee) ; Vopálka, Vladimír (advisor)
Resumé - Personal Data Protection Norman Lewis, the author of an article entitled "Right for Privacy in the Age of Facebook", points out an important divergence related to personal data protection: "It is common to encounter people who are concerned about data collection and the potential abuse of power by the state, but who are at the same time willing to reveal deeply personal thoughts on social networking sites". In his article, N.Lewis poses a question "can one seriously argue that privacy is generally regarded as important today?" In my opinion, the issue of personal data protection is becoming increasingly important. An interest in the topic of personal data protection is connected to the modern era and mainly to the development of modern technologies. Personal data processing, the possible misuse of such data and personal data theft are phrases often to be heard nowadays. In addition, another related issue has recently been gaining considerable attention - personal data transfer to foreign countries. Outlining the structure of this thesis in greater detail, the first chapter introduces the basic historical sources of corresponding international and European legislation (such as international agreements, OECD Guidelines on protection of privacy and trans-border flows of personal data or Personal Data...
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Fast-track proceedings of administrative infractions (the development and recent legal regulation)
Herudková, Jana ; Kopecký, Martin (referee) ; Prášková, Helena (advisor)
MISDEMEANOUR PROCEDURE (DEVELOPMENT AND CURRENT REGULATION) Misdemeanour procedure is a highly frequent kind of administrative activity which intervenes in legal relations of expressly determined physical entities. The object of this procedure is to decide the issue of guilt and possible penalty for committed deed, in which the misdemeanour is found as a kind of administrative offence. Misdemeanour procedure is envisaged as a part of discharge of public administration bound for rectification of obligors' behaviour and protection of public interest. This institute, being common in administrative practice, affects a considerable number of individuals. In accordance with the legal order, a great amount of administrative bodies is entitled to solve and sanction misdemeanours within the framework of various fields of human activities. Misdemeanour procedure is designed as a specific sort of administrative proceedings built-up on the subsidiarity principle of the Act No. 500/2004 Sb. (Code of Administrative Procedure), which constitutes general rules about administrative proceedings. Devitations from the general provisions for administrative proceedings reasoned by the specificity of the object of the procedure are arranged in the Act No. 200/1990 Sb. (Misdemeanours Act) and in some other special acts....
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Measure of a general nature
Schagerer, Milan ; Prášková, Helena (referee) ; Staša, Josef (advisor)
55 Summary of thesis - Measures of a general scope This thesis deals with the brand new tool in Czech administrative law, "opatření obecné povahy". Although the term is not used in English, it can be translated as "measures of a general scope". It was incorporated into Czech law in 2005, after hasty and not very well prepared procedure. It was electronic communication act, that brought this institute into the life in 2005. This has been subject of criticism until these days. The main reason is that it overtook general legislation incorporated in the Code of administrative procedure. In other foreign countries, the most often use for this institute is in traffic signs. It is simple and very well understandable thing, which helps authorities to know and learn how to use measures of a general scope. In our country, the first act that used it, was the one dealing with one of the most complex systems - telecommunications. As it is described in this thesis, it wasn't understood by authorities at all. Courts are dealing with cases in which measures of a general scope are used as acts or decisions, not as hybrids as which they were developed (in one case, it was even used as instruction for towing a car parking in the wrong spot). In general, measure of a general scope stays between regulations as general acts, and...
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Review of the decision on administrative infraction
Švorčiková, Jana ; Kopecký, Martin (referee) ; Prášková, Helena (advisor)
Bez názvu Právní řád umožňuje přezkoumávání rozhodnutí o přestupku různými prostředky. Celkově považuji právní úpravu přezkoumávání rozhodnutí o přestupku za dostatečnou, nikoliv však plně vyhovující, s výhradami uvedenými v jednotlivých kapitolách. Nedostatky spočívají v nedodržení základních zásad charakteristických pro přestupky, resp. nutnosti jejich aplikace v obecném řízení. V diplomové práci jsem uvedla postupy správních orgánů, příp. soudů při přezkoumávání rozhodnutí o přestupku, rozsah přezkoumávání a možnosti rozhodnutí o přezkoumávání. Veřejná správa by především sama měla odstranit svá nezákonná, příp. nesprávná rozhodnutí. Proto je nejprve nutná kontrola v samotném správním řízení a i následné přezkoumávání před soudem může nastat pouze tehdy, pokud proběhlo správní řízení o přezkoumávání rozhodnutí o přestupku. Obecným opravným prostředkem je odvolání, upravené ve správním řádu s jednotlivými speciálním ustanoveními v přestupkovém zákoně. Na základě správního řádu zkoumá odvolací orgán správnost rozhodnutí pouze v rozsahu uplatňovaných námitek. Vzhledem ke specifické úpravě přestupků, kdy je správním orgánům umožněno ve velkém rozsahu rozhodovat na základě správního uvážení, by mělo být posíleno postavení účastníka řízení úplným revizním principem, a to zejména tehdy, kdy už mu žádný opravný...
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Expropriation of buildings and land
Schweiner, Petr ; Staša, Josef (advisor) ; Prášková, Helena (referee)
Resume This work deal with Expropriation of buildings and land in Czech Republic. Main part of this work is dealing with the new Expropriation Act, which became effective from 1 January 2007, but not only, because this act is one of several act, where expropriation is regulated. More important regulation is included inthe Czech Bill of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms, where is determined constitutional principles of Expropriation and limitation of property rights. These conditions are: "in public interest under the rule of law and with compensation." These constitutional principles are specificated in the Czech Civil Code and expropriation act. Very important for Czech regulation are international documents for example the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms from 1950. Specially the First Protocol to the European Convention, signed in Paris in 1952, includes the right to the peaceful enjoyment of possesion in the Article 1. Third chapter is dealing with definition of expropriation: "taking out property by public authority." Legal definition of this term is in expropriation act where is used as legal abbreviation for expropriation and limitation of property. There is text about land and Constructions for example what is land and what is not land according to...
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Principles of criminal law in proceedings on administrative transgressions
Lomozová, Petra ; Prášková, Helena (advisor) ; Kopecký, Martin (referee)
RESUMÉ Petra Lomozová: Principles of Criminal Justice in the Proceedings on Minor Offences This paper addresses to basic principles of criminal proceedings as expressed in § 2 of the Czech Code of Criminal Procedure. It seeks to find out the scope in which these principles apply to the proceedings ruled by the Act on Minor Offences, which is part of Czech aministrative law. The distinction between criminal offences and administrative offences has a long tradition in Czech and Austrian law. The criminal offences are essentially part of criminal law and underlie the jurisdiction of courts, while the proceedings on administrative offences, including the minor offences, are led by public authorities. However, this distinction doesn't rely upon firm and definite theoretical foundations and is managed differently in different European countries. That's why the Czech courts use to emphasize, that the basic principles, which apply to criminal proceedings, should also be applicable to proceedings on administrative offences. The question is treated with regard to Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. This Article guarantees the right to a fair hearing to everyone charged with a criminal offence. "Charge" as well as "criminal offence" have to be understood in their autonomous meaning which differ from...
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Administrative delicts of legal entities
Kareta, Jan ; Prášková, Helena (advisor) ; Kopecký, Martin (referee)
72 10. Resumé Liability of legal entities is a actual issue which is broadly discussed not only in the Czech republic in the connection with criminal law reform but in the whole Europe. According to the international treaties and also as a result of internal interest each state has to find its way to be able to impose effective and deterring sanctions towards legal entities in the the case of breach of public law. This thesis describes the Czech system of public liability of legal entities which lies within the administrative branch of law, its difficulies and suggests how it could be partialy improved. Current state of the law of liability of legal entities suffers from numerous imperfections, defects and from the absence of general arrangement. The most important challenge which lies before the Czech legislatives is to deside if the public law liability of legal entities stays within the reach of the administrative law and will be just altered and impoved partialy or if it shifts to the penal law. This question is very hard to respond, because the traditional continental criminal law is on one hand based on the principle "societas delinquere non potest", which means that the legal entity is not able to possess a guilty state of mind (or mind at all) and on the other hand it is based on the principle of...
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