National Repository of Grey Literature 16 records found  1 - 10next  jump to record: Search took 0.00 seconds. 
Methods of preventing social loafing in school groups
Pospíšilová, Aneta ; Polák, Jakub (advisor) ; Pešout, Ondřej (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with social loafing and free riding within team and group work at schools. The theoretical part is dedicated to the definition of teamwork and group work, the phenomenon of social loafing and free riding and the presentation of relevant theories of motivation, which are the basis for the part focusing on possible methods of prevention and reduction of the mentioned phenomena. The empirical part presents a research proposal based on theoretical foundations and tested practical procedures to reduce loafing in the school environment presented in the literature review part of the work. The research will be based on finding out preferences regarding the presented methods for reducing social loafing, which high school students would want to apply in their group work, taking into account a combination of preventive, intervention and evaluation measures will be chosen to achieve the maximum effect. The overall goal of the work is to provide a comprehensive summary of the findings to date in the field of social loafing in school team projects with a special emphasis on the transfer to school practice for the appropriate modification of the conditions of assigning work so that the incidence of social loafing is reduced, which should also increase overall satisfaction with work in...
Olfaction-mediated behavioural defence mechanisms in humans
Schwambergová, Dagmar ; Havlíček, Jan (advisor) ; Croy, Ilona (referee) ; Polák, Jakub (referee)
This thesis consists of two parts. The first part introduces the importance of behavioural defence mechanisms, specifically the behavioural immune system and mainly in humans. I review current knowledge regarding behavioural defence mediated by odour cues. Although behavioural defence mechanisms are important for all individuals who live in social groups, I focus on mate choice, because that is the context in which olfaction-mediated behavioural defence is studied the most. Subsequently, the importance of olfaction is demonstrated using the example of self-inspection and I discuss how the behavioural immune system may be intertwined with this relatively understudied behaviour. Finally, last chapter deals with associations between olfaction and other modalities that play a role in the detection of cues which help select a healthy and immunocompetent partner. In the second part of the thesis, I present nine papers: three reviews and six empirical studies. The review papers summarise the functioning of the behavioural immune system, olfaction- mediated pathogen avoidance in mammals, and the merely weak association between attractiveness ratings based on different modalities. The first empirical paper investigates whether the threat caused by the Covid-19 pandemic led to increased perceived disgust,...
Tactical Deception in the Context of Evolutionary Psychology
Plos, Petr-Jan ; Polák, Jakub (advisor) ; Špinka, Marek (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with tactical deception in the context of evolutionary psychology. Its aim is to summarize the findings related to this topic into a coherent overview. In the first chapter of the thesis the concept of deceptive behaviour is defined and linked to the concept of evolutionary psychology, then deceptive behaviour is divided into several levels. In the following chapters, tactical deception is defined, and its different types are introduced. Furthermore, the cognitive functions associated with tactical deception are discussed. The remainder of the theoretical part of the thesis is devoted to the distribution of tactical deception in the animal kingdom and several hypotheses for the possible origin of tactical deception are presented. The empirical part of this thesis presents a research design to test the hypothesis that the degree of tactical deception behaviour in different primate species depends on the steepness of their hierarchical organization. The research design adopts methods used by other researchers, namely, the Elo-rating method of measuring hierarchical ordering and the experimental method of informed gathering used to observe tactical deception behaviour. Key words: tactical deception; evolutionary psychology; primates; deception; evolution
Effects of interaction with animals on human resilience
Vondráková, Barbora ; Polák, Jakub (advisor) ; Nekovářová, Tereza (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the effect of animals on human resilience through their interactions. The aim of the thesis is to summarize current knowledge in this area and to propose research that could help to discover some of the as yet unstudied effects of animal-human interactions. In the theoretical part, the concept, related concepts, mechanisms and factors of resilience are first briefly described. Next, attention is paid to the current knowledge in the field of resilience research and some selected measurement tools are mentioned. The next section focuses on the general effects of interactions with animals on bio-psycho-social domains of human life at different developmental stages, together with an introduction to some research methods. The theoretical part of the thesis concludes with a more detailed description of the investigated links between human-animal relationships and the state of human resilience. This is followed by a quantitative panel research design that aims to examine the development of resilience in adults in the periods before and after the acquisition of an animal as a human companion.
Database Design for Car Service
Polák, Jakub ; Kříž, Jiří (referee) ; Luhan, Jan (advisor)
The subject of the bachelor's thesis is to design and create a database system for more efficient operation of the car service. The main part of the work is the elaboration of both theoretical and practical design of a database system according to the specific requirements of the company. Creating a database system will use the sql query language in the Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio environment. After elaboration and testing, it will be possible to implement a database system into an information system in classic operation.
Individual differences in maternal behavior (maternal style) of mammals
Leszkowová, Iva ; Špinka, Marek (advisor) ; Polák, Jakub (referee)
The expression "maternal style" in the wider sense serves to describe the interspecies interindividual and intraindividual, variability in the maternal care. In the narrow sense it is used only to designate permanent variability in the maternal behaviour among different mothers of the same species. The concept of the maternal style is based on a well-documented fact, that individual parts of maternal behaviour correlate with one another and this mutual bond enables to describe the varied repertoire of the mothers' behaviour by a few dimensions, such as e.g. protectiveness, restrictive, rejection and laissez-faire. Maternal style of primates was described in a wide range (e.g. Berman, 1990; Fairbanks, 1996). Up to today the existence of maternal style has been confirmed also with some rodents (guinea-pig: Albers, 1999; mouse: Benus a Rondigs, 1996), domestic animals (pig: e.g. Špinka et al., 2000; sheep: Dwyer a Lawrence, 2010; goat: O'Brien, 1984) and predators (dog: Wilsson, 1984). KEYWORDS : Maternal style, Maternal behavior, Individual differences, Parent-offspring conflict, Protectiveness, Rejection
Neuropsychology of phobic reaction to snakes
Polák, Jakub ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Stuchlíková, Iva (referee) ; Prokop, Pavol (referee)
Neuropsychology of phobic reaction to snakes Mgr. Jakub Polák, Ph.D. Supervisor: doc. PhDr. Petr Kulišťák, Ph.D. The snake is a psychologically very strong stimulus that triggers intense fear in a large part of the population and at the same time causes one of the most common specific phobias. According to an evolutionary hypothesis, universal snake fear is a result of selection pressures, because during evolution of the mankind, venomous snakes presented a deadly threat. Previous psychological research has therefore used the snake as a prototypical trigger of fear. However, snakes as a group are very variable in terms of morphology, colour, toxicity, and behaviour. In this dissertation, I have adopted several tools to verify the hypothesis that some species of snakes may elicit disgust rather than fear. The whole work is divided into four consecutive studies: 1) psychodiagnostics of fear of snakes and disgust using standard scales, 2) rating of snake images according to fear and disgust, 3) measurement of physiological response and 4) measurement of neural activation using fMRI. A different sample of subjects was studied in each of the four parts, however, men and women aged 18 or older with varying levels of fear of snakes and disgust propensity were included. They were mostly healthy subjects, only the...
Selected negative consequences of long-term sleep deprivation on psychological and physical state of working age population
Nyirendová, Rozálie ; Niederlová, Markéta (advisor) ; Polák, Jakub (referee)
This paper deals with selected negative consequences of long-term sleep deprivation on the psychological and mental state of an individual. It also describes the causes of their development and the possibilities of their prevention and compensation. A large number of studies suggests that people who do not fulfill their sleeping needs for long periods of time show worse cognitive function, lower emotional intelligence, lower affective and emotional regulation, increased risk of Alzheimer's disease, decreased immunity, slower metabolism, higher incidence of cardiovascular, and tumor diseases and diabetes. One possible cause of chronic sleep loss is shift work, which can lead to disturbance of circadian rhythm and subsequent long-term sleep deprivation. The research proposal compares nurses in shift work to nurses with regular work week. Differences will be measured using questionnaires evaluating life satisfaction and motivation to perform, Stroop's test and Bourdon exam. The data will be statistically analyzed using The Student's t -test.

National Repository of Grey Literature : 16 records found   1 - 10next  jump to record:
See also: similar author names
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18 POLÁK, Jaroslav
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3 Polák, Jiří
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16 Polák, Ján
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