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Relation of French literature critique to author's biography
Trachtová, Anna ; Jamek, Václav (advisor) ; Pohorský, Aleš (referee)
Položme si otázku vztahu autorské biografie a díla. Co způsobuje znalost či neznalost autorova životopisu při četbě jeho děl? Do jaké míry ovlivňují životopisná fakta interpretaci díla? Pozměňují ji kvalitativně? Umožňují nám tato fakta hlubší pochopení samotného díla, nebo od něj naopak pouze odvádějí pozornost? V různých obdobích literární kritiky byla tato problematika nazírána jinak. A leckdy je odlišnost přístupů jednotlivých kritiků a škol zásadní. Při rozboru literárních děl se pozornost pohybovala od jednoho k druhému extrému osy autor - dílo. V jistých obdobích literární kritiky se striktně vycházelo ze životopisu autora a jeho osobnosti, zásadní význam byl připisován okolnostem vzniku díla, společenské situaci a historicky daným skutečnostem. Jindy se od postavy autora zcela odhlíželo, tato fakta byla nazývána biografickým klamem, souvztažnosti mezi dílem a autorovými životními zkušenostmi byly zcela opomíjeny a pozornost byla zaměřena pouze na samotný, izolovaný text, přičemž biografické studium bylo považováno za faktografický pozůstatek pozitivismu a jeho přístupu k umění. V posledních letech upíná literární teorie svou pozornost stále častěji ke čtenáři a čtenářské kompetenci. Rovněž v literární kritice hraje svou významnou roli pro nazírání na jednotlivé texty rozšíření osy autor - dílo na...
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Search of happiness in Voltaire's novels
Pokšteflová, Marie ; Pohorský, Aleš (advisor) ; Jamek, Václav (referee)
My diploma thesis called Search of happiness in Voltaire's novels aims to analyse the theme of happiness in prose works Micromegas, L'Ingénu, Zadig and Candide. The analysis is preceded by an introduction showing the evolution of the theme of happiness through different historical periods. This theoretical part is also followed by a definition of philosophical novel as a typical Voltaire's way of expressing his philosophical thoughts. The analysis itself underlines common points of view found in the novels which all describe a world full of evil, disasters and misfortune. Good and honest heroes enter into this bad world and they struggle to find their place in the sun. Their nice personalities present a big contrast to the merciless world which surrounds them. The analysed examples from novels highlight major problems in Voltaire's time but a lot of parallels are found in today's world. I systematically pay attention to these parallels throughout the diploma. The analysis leads to the description of incorrigibly bad world, where only small islands of happiness can be found represented by friendship and love. We can only deal with such a life thanks to a meaningful activity which can make it bearable. The philosopher's approach to the theme which still captures people's attention is evaluated in the...
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L.-F. Céline: Interview with professor Y (stylistic analysis)
Krbcová, Johana ; Voldřichová - Beránková, Eva (advisor) ; Pohorský, Aleš (referee)
The bachelor thesis L.-F. Céline: Interview with professor Y focuses on the stylistic aspects of such 20th century artist who by his original style of writing strongly influenced the development of French novel. The stylistic analysis of this work is based on two Céline's novels that were written in different time periods, particularly Journey to the end of the night (Voyage au bout de la nuit, 1932) and Interview with professor Y (Entretiens avec le professeur Y, 1955). At first, the thesis provides with the content analysis of Interview, the work that summarizes Celine's poetic art and highlights the importance of adapting the written language to the language that a reader uses in his everyday life and which by those means facilitates reader's return to content quality literature. Parts of this analysis are also Czech translations of selected extracts. In its language analysis the thesis indicates the most frequent atypical elements that form the basis of Céline's original style. The final part of the thesis emphasizes the fundamental changes his style had undergone since the first successfully received novel until the works written during the exile and the post-exile era.
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The phenomenon of the crowd in Zola: sociological contribuiton to the representation of the crowd in the work of Émile Zola
Boháčová, Lenka ; Pohorský, Aleš (advisor) ; Duffková, Jana (referee)
This dissertation treats of the crowd in the work of Émile Zola, especially in his novel Germinal. The objective of the dissertation is not only to analyse the representation of the crowd in this novel and to classify it, but also to reveal the similarities and differences between this representation and the "scientific" observations of "crowd psychologists" at the end of the 19th century, Scipio Sighele, Gabriel Tarde and Gustave Le Bon. We have chosen, as a method of analysis, to combine a close reading of the novel with a sociological approach by using Bourdieu's construct of literary field and Bakhtin's chronotope. At the end of our literary analysis we try to look at Germinal in a larger context and observe the social determinations which had an impact on it. The point is to try to locate the writer among the other contemporary writers and explain his literary choices from this position. The depiction of the crowd in the work of Émile Zola, contrary to the approach of Sighele, Tarde and Le Bon, who agreed on the fact that the crowd presents a danger for the society, is more nuanced. Although we can find also a negative interpretation of the crowd in Germinal (mainly in the scenes full of violence of the marching crowd), as well as the same women-like emotionality and instability, though there is the...
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Faustian character in 20th century French language drama
Tschornová, Kateřina ; Pohorský, Aleš (advisor) ; Voldřichová - Beránková, Eva (referee)
The diploma work Faustian Character in 20th Century French Language Drama summarizes the history and circumstances of Faustian legend, Faust's mythological and archetypical aspect. Compares Goethe's classical work to three French dramas by Valéry, Ghelderode and Tardieu. An analysis follows of three contemporary plays (Catheriene Anne: Trois Femmes / L'échappée, Xaviera Durringer: Bal-Trap and Jacques Languirand: Faust et les radicaux libres) and an overview of Czech and European Fausts.
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The influence of the antiquity on the oldest French poetry
Pometlo, Ondřej ; Pohorský, Aleš (advisor) ; Kyloušek, Petr (referee) ; Kuťáková, Eva (referee)
The dissertation focuses on comparison of medieval writings presenting the actions of Julius Caesar to French readers, specifically Li Fet des Romans, Roman de Jules César and Li Hystore de Iulius Caesar. Interpretation of accessible texts is based on analysis of the translation process: comparison of the antique original and its medieval variants in French language as presented in medieval manuscripts. The author opens the dissertation with introduction to factors influencing the medieval translator; among others the ability of complex understanding of the original text, education and awareness of other literary works, oral component of culture; and the way of thinking and of interpretation of the world.
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Child narrators in two novels: La vie devant soi and Monsieur Ibrahim et les Fleurs du Coran
Hálová, Kateřina ; Voldřichová - Beránková, Eva (advisor) ; Pohorský, Aleš (referee)
The aim of this work is to compare the narrators in two stylistically similar novels, La Vie devant soi by Romain Gary and Monsieur Ibrahim et les fleurs du Coran by Éric- Emmanuel Schmitt. The narrators will be analyzed from different points of views and then compared. The aim is to prove that even though children are storytellers, both books are not of children's literature. To be able to prove this it is necessary to outline the history of children's literature and its tendency throughout history. Narrators will be compared from the following perspectives: external characteristics, internal characteristics, language, communication with "reader", the concept of time and space, the relationship with the "mentor", response to the death and the founding of life basis. The end part will include the results of the analysis.
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From fallen angel to blonde beast: characters of prostitutes in Balzac's The Splendors and Miseries of Courtesans and Zola's Nana
Fousová, Tereza ; Voldřichová - Beránková, Eva (advisor) ; Pohorský, Aleš (referee)
Subject to this degree work is the character of prostitutes in French society in the 19th century reflected in eight selected works of French authors of the time. In the first part of my thesis the history of prostitution from "religious prostitution" in ancient Greece to its "golden age" in France in the 19th century is described. The decay of moral principles in the post-Revolutionary period (as a result of religious and social taboos collapse) causes a great spread of prostitution and venereal diseases. Because of these reasons it was necessary to take the legalizing and organizing precautions - the French System. The second part of this work takes addresses the different (romantic and naturalistic) representations of the character of the prostitute in the literature of the 19th century. The representative of the romantic interpretation of the courtesan who is driven to sin due to poverty (the myth of the "fallen angel" redeemed by pure love) is Honoré de Balzac and his novel "The Splendors and Miseries of Courtesans". The opposite pole to the romantic interpretation of prostitutes is a naturalistic beast which chooses the oldest profession herself as a means of executing social revenge. In this second, analytical, part of this work the comparison of both of these kinds is made. Key words:...
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Monologue in contemporary drama of the French-speaking Switzerland
Tichá, Alžběta ; Voldřichová - Beránková, Eva (advisor) ; Pohorský, Aleš (referee)
Title: Monologue in contemporary drama of the French-speaking Switzerland Author: Alžběta Tichá Department: Institute of Romance studies Supervisor: doc. PhDr. Eva Voldřichová Beránková, Ph.D. Keywords: Drama, Switzerland, monologue, French, literatures of French speaking countries Abstract: The main aim of the present thesis is to present monological works of authors from the French part of Switzerland. Due to the fact that French Switzerland shares a large part of its literary development with neighbouring France, this thesis is divided into two parts. The first one is concerned with monologue in French theatre in general. There are three chapters that present issues related to the definition of theatrical monologue, the development of monologue as an individual form, main questions that arise in connection with contemporary monological plays, as well as several French dramatists that have had a significant influence on this specific genre. The second part is focused on works of three authors coming from French Switzerland. Each of them has written and published at least three monological plays. Namely, these are Robert Pinget, Jacques Probst and David France Jakubec. They all represent completely different creative approaches therefore each of them is presented in a separate chapter. The main objective...
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The literary character of Don Juan in French literature from classicism to romanticism
Kareta, Filip ; Jamek, Václav (advisor) ; Pohorský, Aleš (referee)
Bachelor thesis of Don Juan as a character in French literature from the period of Classicism to the period of Romanticism. The thesis is mainly focused on development and transformation of Don Juan's character in literature from the 17th to the mid 19th century. For the Classicism period, the author chose the comparative method, taking Molière's Don Juan character as a pivotal figure of the Don Juan myth. In the 18th century Don Juan does not appear in the literature but the author found similar features from the libertines of that period and therefore he compares the character of Don Juan to Valmont in his work. Romantic authors like to return to the topic of Don Juan and he appears in short stories and poems. The author presents various concepts of romantic Don Juan with emphasis on new features which were added by many individual writers. The conclusion of Bachelor Thesis is devoted to Don Juan as a mythical figure and it's comparison with Tristan.
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