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Phytoremediation: structural characteristics of plants under heavy metal effect
Otradovcová, Marie ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Podlipná, Radka (referee)
The environmental pollution by heavy metals has been becoming currently a big problem. The contents of these metals in soils and water increase, particular in consequence of human activities particularly in developed countries. Local contaminations are problematic in our country, too. Soil contamination by heavy metals negatively affects agricultural production and food chains in nature. It may have an adverse impact to human health. The general public is interested in possibilities of removing these metals from the environment. The phytoremediation is one of those methods for removal contaminants via plants. This is relatively new, environmentally friendly method. However, not all plants are suitable for use in phytoremediation. For the best selection of plant species and their subsequent effective use in phytoremediation is necessary to study the relationship between heavy metals and plants, physiological processes that affect the intake of heavy metals and their distribution in a plant body, effects of heavy metals on the anatomical structure of plants at different levels of functioning. A group of plants called hyperaccumulators is specially adapted to high concentrations of metals in soil. These plants are capable to accumulate in their aboveground parts quantities of metal greater than the...
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Hormone remedies and other endocrine disruptors within the living environment
Pfitzner, Robert ; Podlipná, Radka (advisor) ; Smrček, Stanislav (referee)
The progress of modern society has brought along the issue of environmental contamination with various chemical substances which ensue from all kinds of anthropogenous activity. Among the substances which contaminate the living environment in this way are compounds that influence the endocrine system of an organism by disrupting the physiological function of its endogenous hormones. These compunds are known as endogenous disruptors and alongside certain substances of natural origin they, too, show estrogenic activity. The exogens in question have similar structural features, such as the hormone estrogen, which is why they can interact with estrogenic receptors. The compounds are dangerous in that they can influence biological functions, despite being at very low concentrations. At present, intensive research employing the latest instrumental methods is carried out with the aim of assessing the impact of these compounds on mankind and its living environment. The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to summarise the present knowledge of the impact of endocrine disruptors on the living environment, classify them according to their source and outline the methods of analysis as well as the possibility of their decomposition with the help of biodegradation.
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New pharmacological interventions influencing food intake regulation
Špolcová, Andrea ; Čabala, Radomír (advisor) ; Podlipná, Radka (referee)
NEW PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS INFLUENCING FOOD INTAKE REGULATION Author: Bc. Andrea Špolcová ABSTRACT Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) identified as an endogenous ligand of the orphan receptor GPR10 was originally found to stimulate the secretion of prolactin (PRL) both in vitro and in vivo. PrRP-mediated PRL secretion was later questioned and is not currently considered to be the primary function of PrRP. The fact that both PrRP and GPR10 knock-out mice are hyperphagic and develop late-onset obesity proves the unique anorexigenic properties of PrRP. Designing and evaluation of PrRP analog(s) with selective anorexigenic properties and searching for PrRP antagonists would contribute to finding the mechanism and possible treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome. In our recent published study (Maixnerová et al., Peptides (2011)), the PrRP receptor was immunodetected and characterized by saturation binding in three rodent tumor pituitary cell lines. Two naturally occurring analogs, PrRP31 and PrRP20, showed comparable potency in binding, cell signaling and prolactin release in pituitary RC-4B/C cells, as well as caused food intake decrease after intracerebroventricular administration in fasted mice. In the present study, analogs of PrRP20 with C-terminal Phe amide derivatives with modified aromatic...
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Phytoremediation:biochemical characteristics of heavy metal hyperacumulators
Lábusová, Jana ; Lipavská, Helena (advisor) ; Podlipná, Radka (referee)
Water and soil pollution by heavy metals is a very serious problem of nowadays. Since the beginning of industrial revolution, the concentration of heavy metals increased sharply in the environment. One way how to decontaminate soils and groundwaters is phytoremediation that uses plants to remediate pollutants from the contaminated sites. This eco-friendly and cost- effective method exploits the ability of plants to take up, translocate, transform and sequester metals. In phytoremediation, the plants that are able to accumulate metals to high concentration are mainly used. These plants are named "hyperaccumulators". Accumulation of metals by plants is affected not only by the capability of plant in question, but to a great extend also by the form and concentration of metal in the soil and environmental conditions. The aim of this Bachelor thesis is to summarize knowledge on impact of heavy metals on biochemical changes in plants, with special emphasis on changes in carbohydrate metabolism.
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EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVITY OF PHYTOREMEDIATION METHODS
Soudek, Petr ; Petrová, Šárka ; Podlipná, Radka ; Fialová, Zuzana ; Malá, J. ; Benešová, Dagmar ; Kočí, V. ; Kafka, Z. ; Vaněk, Tomáš
Phytoremediation methods are very dynamically booming segment of remediation technologies in present time. These methods used plants and microorganisms for extraction, and in case of organics for degradation, of xenobiotics. Ability of plants involved in these detoxification reactions is depend not only on ability to uptake of xenobiotics and on enzymatic aparatus of tested plant species, but also on toxicity of accumulated contaminant and on toxicity of potential byproducts.
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