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The role of T lymphocytes and macrophages in experimental models of allo- and xenograft rejection
Pindjaková, Jana
Rejection of organs and tissues by recipient's immune system remains a major obstacle in further development of clinical transplantations. Critical shortage of allotransplants enhanced an interest in xenografts as a potential source of donor material in clinical medicine. In immunology research, as experimental models, skin and cornea transplantation are frequently used. Corneal transplantation became one of the most successful forms of tissue allotransplantation. The extraordinary success has been related to various features of the cornea and ocular microenvironment that together account for its immune-privilege status of anterior chamber. The rejection of skin and corneal allo- and xenografts in untreated recipients is primarily studied as a model of acute rejection. This process begins after the first week of transplantation. Predominant cells infiltrating rejected grafts are both T cell subsets CD4+ and CD8+ but some studies brought evidence that macrophages are the key cytotoxic cell population in graft rejection. The nature of cellular and humoral responses to xenogeneic tissues appears to differ from allograft immunity and is less understood. Majority of studies demonstrated that xenoreactive cellular response in acutely rejected xenograft is associated with production of both Th1 and Th2...
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