|
|
Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism treatment during pregnancy and their consequences for the human foetus development.
Šípová, Drahoslava ; Peterka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Peterková, Renata (referee)
Hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and the autoimmune thyroid diseases are the basic disorders the diseases affecting the thyroid gland can be divided into. The causes of the thyroid disorders are assigned to the genetic background, environmental factors and too high or too low iodine intake. Various forms of thyroid disorders are very common among the large number of world population, more often seen among women compared to men, scale approximately 4:1. The attention is more paid to women because of their bigger predisposition to the thyroid diseases but also because of the persistance or new occurence of the diseases during the pregnancy. If the diagnosis is not retain early and no adequate treating follows, the proceeding disease will mainly in the first trimester negatively affect the developing baby. There are relatively big amount of the miscarriages, premature deliveries, stillbirths and babies with various degrees of somatic and intelectuall inflictions appearing. Within the frame of the treatment, in the case of thyroid hypofunction with levothyroxine and in the case of thyroid hyperfunction with propylthiouracile, carbimazole and methimazole, the smoothing of the thyroid disorders signs happens. After the delivery there is a risk of neonatal congenital disorders, whose cause is assigned to...
|
|
|
The issue of diabetes treatment and prevention of birth defects.
Steklíková, Klára ; Peterka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Peterková, Renata (referee)
This work summarizes observations of relationship between diabetes in pregnancy and increased risk of birth defects and possible preventive measurements to reduce this risk. Children of diabetic mothers have an increased risk especially for the development defects of central nervous system (three times higher), cardiovascular system (1,5-4,5times higher), urinary system (2,5-3times higher). Other organ systems with increased risk of birth defects are musculo-skeletal system, digestive system and ear. To minimalize this risk the effective measures have to be kept, especially maintain blood glucose standard and without peaks. To achieve this goal is necessary observe appropriate diet and by types of diabetes requiring medication use choosing suitable drugs for pregnant women. Each pregnant patient should periodically measure blood glucose levels and don't exceed threshold 90 mg/ml (5,0mmol/l) of fasting and premeal level and 150 mg/ml (8,4 mmol/l) after meal. Also important is awareness of patient. Other tools used for prevention infants birth defects of diabetic mothers are regular measurements of glycohemoglobin levels, preconception planning and screening performed in pregnant women. Keywords: Diabetes, birth defects, pregnancy, prevention
|
|
|
Summary of types of human limbs defects.
Hundsnurscherová, Zdeňka ; Peterka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Novotná, Božena (referee)
The prenatal growth of the upper and lower human limbs is sensitive to disruption during the critical period, beginning on day 25 from conception, until day 35 for upper limbs. For the lower limbs the development begins and ends about a day or two later. This period is followed by a minor critical period, when there is no risk of a severe developmental defect, and it lasts up until the end of the week 8 from conception. At the beginning of the critical period large developmental defects can develop (amelia, phocomelia, hemimelia, ektromelia and sirenomelia), later small defects can develop, that affect mainly distal structures of the limbs (longitudinal preaxial reduction, longitudinal postaxial, longitudinal pre- and postaxial). Apart from the critical period, a sensitive period exists, a period in which cells of the developing organs are sensitive to negative effects of the external environment. External negative effects are called teratogens and they generally include factors like drugs (thalidomide, vitamin A, misoprostol, phenytoin, methotrexate). Part of the external negative effects as well, are physical ones, such as hypoxia and hyperthermia, radiation, and also biological factors such as bacterial, viral and parasitic infections. Chemical and physical external effect is the most common...
|
|
|
The relation of the population's health condition and the system AB0.
Pavlíková, Zuzana ; Peterka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Likovský, Zbyněk (referee)
This work is a summary of observations about relationships between AB0 blood groups and occurrence of certain diseases. To diseases mentioned in this work belong different types of cancer, malaria, leprosy, small-pox, vitiligo and many others. Marked association with AB0 blood groups was found for cancer of stomach, ovarian cancer, peptic ulcers and cholera. The results for other diseases are not evident or on their relationship to blood groups were not made enough confirmative studies.
|
|
|
Genetic Regulation of Limb Development
Šnajdr, Pavel ; Grim, Miloš (advisor) ; Peterka, Miroslav (referee) ; Slípka, Jaroslav (referee)
Lx in SHR.Lx rat manifests in homozygotes as hindlimb preaxial polydactyly. We showed that a 2,964-bp deletion in Plzf (Promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger) intron 2 is the only candidate for Lx. The deletion removes the most deeply conserved CNE with putative regulatory influence on Plzf expression. Using in situ hybridization we found reduced expression pattern of Plzf in Lx/Lx limb and anterior expansion of expression domains of Plzf targets Hoxd10-13 genes and Bmp2, in the absence of ectopic Shh expression. Rat hd manifests in homozygotes as reduction or loss of digits II and III on both hind and forelimb and impairment of spermatogenesis leading to male infertility. We showed that hd mutation is caused by an insertion of an endogenous retrovirus into intron 10 of the Cntrob gene resulting in the translation of a truncated protein. In situ hybridization showed that expression of cartilage condensation marker Sox9, and Bmp receptor Bmpr1b is absent from the distal parts of the digit condensations II and III. Studying spermatogenesis we showed that centrobin (protein of Cntrob) localizes to the centrosome, manchette, and the marginal ring of the spermatid acroplaxome. Mutant spermatids show a disruption of head-tail coupling apparatus leading to spermatid decapitation . We demonstrated distinct...
|
|
|
Molecular- genetic analysis of the Thyroid carcinomas
Sýkorová, Vlasta ; Bendlová, Běla (advisor) ; Zamrazil, Václav (referee) ; Peterka, Miroslav (referee)
Introduction: Thyroid cancer represents more than 90% of endocrine tumors and its incidence, predominantly of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), is still increasing in the Czech Republic. Several genetic changes are known, but thein impact to phenotype is still controversial. Aims: To study of the genetic causes (RET/PTC, BRAF and RAS alterations) and the role of RET polymorphisms in thyroid cancer (predominantly PTC), and to correlate genotype with phenotype. Subjects and Methods: Overall 234 PTC tissues, 8 poorly differentiated carcinomas, 3 anaplastic carcinomas, 23 medullary carcinomas, 6 follicular carcinomas and one follicular adenoma were analyzed. Samples of fresh frozen thyroid tissues, fine-needle aspiration biopsies and paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed tissue sections of patients with thyroid cancer and blood samples of healthy controls were used for analysis. The expression of RET/PTC rearrangements was detected on agarose gel. Five RET polymorphisms were analyzed using specific TaqMan probes. Detection of mutations in the BRAF gene and three RAS genes was performed by direct sequencing. Presence of alteration was correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Results: We found out that some RET polymophisms are associated with development of RET/PTC rearrangements in PTC and proved,...
|
|
|
Craniofacial Abnormalities in Sleep Apnoea Syndrome
Dostálová, Simona ; Šonka, Karel (advisor) ; Čáp, Jan (referee) ; Peterka, Miroslav (referee)
The thesis is based on a series of cephalometric studies of patients with SAS, acromegalic patients with or without SAS as well as control groups. The studies presented in this thesis produce following results: There are important differences in orofacial skeleton and soft tissue of nasopharynx measured by cephalometry in the patients with sleep apnoea compared to the control group of women and men. Proved skeleton changes (increased lower gonion angle, increased anterior facial heights, decreased depth of the upper face) and elongated soft palate predisposes patients to narrowing of upper airways in oropharyngx, which significantly contributes to development of SAS. Cephalometric differences in the size of the soft palate, the rotation of the mandible and the size of lower gonion angle can be found in men with mild and severe sleep apnoea. We conclude that the severity of the SAS depends on the degree of changes in the orofacial skeleton and adjacent soft tissues. The results, which reveal a significant differences in BMI and in the circumference of the neck between groups with mild and severe SAS, confirm the idea that the most important predisposing factor for SAS is obesity, in particular deposition of adipose tissue in the posteriolateral parapharyngeal space. Patients with acromegaly (of both sexes)...
|
|
|
Chick Embryo as a Model for the Study of Pancreas during Normal and Experimental Conditions
Maňáková, Eva ; Jelínek, Richard (advisor) ; Peterka, Miroslav (referee) ; Zemanová, Zdeňka (referee)
The aim was to describe changes in the volume of endocrine cells during pancreas development, try to estimate the proliferative activity and ultrastructural characterize cells that are responsible for the growth of pancreatic tissue during the prenatal period. Using chicken embryo represents a simple model on which it would be possible to evaluate the results of the experimental effect of external influences (teratogen) on the development of the pancreas. It allows simplification of the experimental conditions simulating ex. diabetes mothers. The aim was to demonstrate that the trend growth of endocrine tissue in both models (mammal, bird) is like and therefore this model can be used even if metabolism of birds differs from mammals.
|
|
| |
|
| |
guest ::
RSS feed.