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In front of an object. The question of distance and aura in thought of Georges Didi-Huberman
Váša, Ondřej ; Fulka, Josef (referee) ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor)
The essay concebtrates around the thinking of french philosopher Georges Didi-Huberman and his reception of Walter Benjamin's term aura, which is strongly connected to the critique of classical art history and re-thinking colour and material as stain, it's symptomal nature and not only compositional, but also de-compositional features. One of the centres of this essay is interpretation of Titian's painting Apollo and Marsyas, painting, which sophisticatedly problematizes viewing the painting as pure illusion or manifestation of ideas in matter. The second milestone are works of american minimalism, which are places of radiating aura, but aura in stae of her own decay. We tried to show, that if the original meaning of aura was connected to cultic works of art and their presented inaccessibility, in case of american minimalists it is surviving as a experience of turn-arounded vertigo.
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Things and voidness (a philosophical inquiry on the selected themes of the Zhuangzi)
Machek, David ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee) ; Lomová, Olga (advisor)
The core of the paper is a philosophical and philological analys i s of four shorter passages from the old chinese philosophical text Zhuangzi. Considering traditional Chinese commentaries ( especially Guo Xiang) and inspired by modem continental philosophy ( especially Ricoeur and Heidegger), the author seeks to interconnect some of the crucial philosophical themes (losing and forgetting of I, change, freedom, dream, usefulness/uselessness) and build a framework for an overall philosophical interpretation, which would challenge the wide-spread but one-sided view claiming Zhuangzi to be a relativist and irationalist. Drawing on reflections that will find a key to the text in a Zhuangzi 's call for mutual incorporation of the voluntary with the involuntary and the reflective with the spontaneous the author is trying to grasp the relation of things and voidness as the underlying principle or reality. Much like the whole text of Zhuangzi this relation is also intrinsically ambiguous. Voidness tums out to be nothing but an expanded thingness, things, however, cannot be expanded unless they cease to be things. This conflict is incorporated in an sage, whose wisdom and legitimacy as a ruler over things is determined by the ability to accept this conflict and to reconciliate with himself.
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Language as ethics according to Levinas
Bierhanzl, Jan ; Kouba, Petr (referee) ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor)
For Emmanuel Lévinas, language is a pure communication with exteriority, which precedes language as a system of differences and references. The paper here presented attempts to interpretate this primacy of pure communication as a prerequisite of such a theory of "signifying" which would be an alternative against the common structural approach to language as an apersonal system. The correlation between "signifying" and ethics, as would also be possible to describe the essence of language according to Levinas, furthermore implicates certain scepticism against a purely theoretical speech, which leads the author to a conception of philosophy as the wisdom of love. The final section of this paper brings a selection of texts from the work of Yves Aulas, a philosopher with mental disease, who remarkably exemplifies Levinasian method of ethical reduction of theory.
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Two perspectives of language in Nietzsche's early thinking
Roreitner, Robert ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee) ; Kouba, Pavel (advisor)
This article presents the early Nietzsche's work from 1856-73, which is placed here into context of its plentiful reception in the eighties and nineties and from which it offers czech translations of some important texts. The first chapter shows how in the connection with autobiographical notes from 1856-65 the theme of language enters into Nietzsche's thinking, namely as a milieu able to let some moments of past endure. In the second chapter it is in particular in confrontation with Schopenhauer, but also on the background of Langes and Hartmanns works, demonstrated how the concept of music articulates itself in Nietzsche's notes from 1869-71. It becomes clear that Nietzsche's music, which unhides the process of becoming, the mode of succession (Aufeinander), through which everything passes without regard on its quality and which is specified in oposition to language displaying everything in the mode of coexistence (Nebeneinander), thus as ideas, representations, symbols, that this music represents together with its counterpart in language a pair of concepts much more general than are the usual concepts of language and music. Language and music are two respects of symbolic system, into which we have always already entered. In the third chapter breakdown of Nietzsche's conception of culture is firstly...
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Expression and meaning. Towards the problem of language in E. Husserl's philosophy 1900-1914
Urban, Petr ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Polívka, Jiří (referee) ; Novotný, Karel (referee)
The present thesis deals with Husserl's philosophy of language in the period of 1900 - 1914. It aims to present a complex interpretation of its main features, transformations and inner tensions. We use the method of immanent interpretation, i.e. we do not put Husserl's thought into a broad historical context, but interpret it exclusively against background of his own philosophy as a whole. The text is divided in two main parts. The first one is devoted to the Logical Investigations (1900-01) and presents its basic analysis of the meaningful use of lingual expressions. In particular, we focus on the concept of lingual expression as a meaningmediated intentional relationship to an object and we explain it against the background of Husserl's project of the phenomenological elucidation of fundamentals of an a priori and objective theory of science, namely the pure logic. The second part deals with lectures and research manuscripts dating from 1901 to 1914. First, we explain the important breakthrough of the noematic concept of meaning in reference to the Lectures on the Doctrine of Meaning 1908 and related research manuscripts. In the next step, we explore the Manuscripts for the Revision of the Sixth Logical Investigation 1913-14. In these texts Husserl reaches his most mature approach to the phenomenon of...
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The critique of the concept of aesthetic experience in the 2nd half of XX. century. Two controversies: the end of art and the rebirth of natural beauty
Dadejík, Ondřej ; Zuska, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee) ; Haman, Aleš (referee)
The present thesis explores the critique of aesthetic experience in aesthetics of the second half of the 20th century. The aim is to defend the consistency of the notion of aesthetic experience and highlight its potential for aesthetics in the 21st century. The thesis points out certain historical and conceptual inconsistencies in the critique, and advances some arguments in support of tenebality of traditionally the main distinctive feature of aesthetic experience: disinterestedness. We focus on two dominant discussions in modern aesthetics that both built on re-evaluation and crititique of the concept of aesthetic experience, namely the controversy about the aesthetic nature of art, and the so-called rebirth of theoretical interest in aesthetic dimension of nature (and other living environments). The thesis comprises ten chapters, each devoted to a particular facet of the concept of aesthetic experience. The chapters are arranged around the 'nuclear chapter' (IV) that articulates the methodological point of view, based on an open model of descriptive definition (drawn mainly from the work of Stephen C. Pepper).
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Thomas Bernhard: To think
Foltinová, Daniela ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee) ; Thein, Karel (advisor)
In the thesis it is being dealt with the philosophical aspect of Thomas Bernhard's novels, concerning the problem of thinking. The interpretation that is gained through the thorough analysis of the novels Gehen, Holzfällen and Alte Meister shows that although there is no argumental clearness in what Bernhard is writing, original philosophical thoughts are developed. There are three interpretations of thinking in the thesis. In the first we reveal thinking as a "state of chaos" revolving itself in the mind of a madman. Second interpretation, as an outcome of reconsidering the first one, leads to the concept of reflective thinking of an observer. In the first and second interpretation we only find the negative thinking as not-thinking. Only in the third interpretation we meet the "real thinker", a storyteller who motivates us to consider thinking as an activity that necessarilly involves the process of it's actual happening, if to be acknowledged as a "real thinking". This leads to the search for the thinking in the literary form of Bernhard's novels.
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The phenomenon of fiction
Koblížek, Tomáš ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee) ; Pokorný, Martin (advisor)
The subject of the work is the problem of the fictionality of literary texts. The work is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the nature of poetic language. The central thesis is that literature cannot be perceived as a set of objective attributes of a given statement but as the way utterance affects the reader, that is, as a phenomenon. This assumption allows us to define fictionality tentatively as a phenomenon or as an aspect of the phenomenon of literature. The second part introduces a critique of the theory of fictional world. The objections are concerned with the concept of the world as an aggregate of objects, characters and events, relation between the texture and the fictional world viewed as mediating representation, the concept of literary creation as a translating of extensional plane to the intensional one, and the concept of reading as the reconstruction of fictional objects. The third part suggests an answer to the problem of the fictionality. Considering Patočka's essay Učení o minulém rázu umění the phenomenon of literature is defined as the flowing of objective component of experience into the non-objective one. The fictional object is thus conceived as the vanishing object in the sense of its becoming the non-object.
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Czech Republic in a transformation process. Globalization, information policy in the Czech Republic, EU and USA and reflection of the transformations in library and information science
Jedličková, Petra ; Vlasák, Rudolf (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee) ; Königová, Marie (referee)
The text is focused on issues connected with the raise of the information society and its development; challenges for the library services envisaging these new developments are discussed. Starting with an impugment on the definition of the information society the work presents critical overview of the current theories of the information society. This stays as basic for the attempt to implement current theories of the information society into the information and library services, as defined by the information science. The work argues that the information science needs to change its paradigm, since the information and information process themselves are not any more the paradigm, it is the net as an instant configuration formed around the information requirement. Three case studies are presented in order to demonstrate the change of the paradigm: digital divide, dilemma of a freedom and privacy. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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