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The intelligible act in Schelling's treatise of Human Freedom and in the Ages of the World as a way of moral realization
Adámek, Petr ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Karásek, Jindřich (referee) ; Sirovátka, Jakub (referee)
In my thesis I deal with Schelling's theory of the intelligible act in the treatise Of Human Freedom and its continuation in the Ages of the World. In my view Schelling endeavours to outline a way of human moral realization by means of this theory. In the first chapter of my thesis I explore the principles of God's revelation (the dark ground and the will of love) including the phases of God's revelation. In the second chapter I focus on Kant's theory of the intelligible act in the work Religion within the limits of reason alone. Against the background of these chapters I try to clarify Schelling's theory of the intelligible act in Of Human Freedom in the third (salient) chapter. The intelligible act occurred before time simultaneously with God's creative act, but is separable from it. Through this act I am, as it were, at the beginning of all existence within God's undifferentiated will and choose my own (good or bad) essence before my being in time. According to many authors (Peetz, Hermanni etc.) Schelling's theory is beset by a problem relating to any potential change of my essence in time. If I have decided for evil or for good, my individual actions in time have with necessity the same quality. According to them Schelling's theory implies that it is not possible that there should be any change...
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The Multiplicity of Being: The Ontology of Alain Badiou
Pivoda, Tomáš ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kouba, Petr (referee) ; Pechar, Jiří (referee)
Tomáš Pivoda, The Multiplicity of Being: The Ontology of Alain Badiou PhD thesis Abstract The thesis introduces for the first time in the Czech philosophical context the ontology of the French philosopher Alain Badiou, as he set it out in his fundamental work Being and Event (L'être et l'événement, 1988). It first presents the starting point of Badiou's philosophy as well as the reasons of his identification of ontology with the set theory, and it points out Badiou's importance for contemporary philosophy, especially for the so called speculative realism around Quentin Meillassoux. The main axis of the exposition is then built around Badiou's four fundamental "Ideas": the multiplicity, the event, the truths and the subject, in connection with which it is shown how Badiou constructs his conceptual apparatus out of individual axioms of the set theory, whereby he follows the basic formal definition of multiplicity based on the operator . In connection with∈ the first Idea of multiplicity, the thesis exposes - with references to Martin Heidegger and Plato - Badiou's conceptual transposition of the couple one/multiple on the couple existence/being and defines the fundamental concepts of his ontology - the situation, the presentation, the representation and the void, with the help of which Badiou interprets...
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The term "discourse" in Foucault's work
Vácha, Ondřej ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Ritter, Martin (referee)
The Bachelor Degree Thesis "The Term 'Discourse' in Foucault's work" focuses on elaboration of basic questions connected with Foucault's theory of discourses. It questions, whether the project is self-refuting or not and what are the main goals of the project. An analysis of R.Rorty's text "Foucault and epistemology" introduces the question what is the relation between classical epistemological tradition and Foucault's archaeology. For elaboration of this question the thesis analyses Foucault's text called "The Order of Discourse" and mainly "The Archaeology of knowledge". It concludes that Foucault's theory at it's roots enables to use the term "discourse" in such a wide significance, that Foucault can use the term as the base for a narrow interconnection of epistemology and political philosophy.
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Nietzsche and Kafka
Král, Matěj ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Vojvodík, Josef (referee) ; Zbytovský, Štěpán (referee)
This dissertation deals with the relations between the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche and the literary work of Franz Kafka. It particularly focuses on the following issues: The uprootedness of (not only modern) human existence and the instability of interpretation of any phenomenon. It is further concerned with the themes of salvation, suffering and death. The indistinguishability of life and death, God, the death of God, and the relationship to a transcendent authority are also discussed. Moreover, the dissertation examines the concepts of the sublime and the noble in nature and in human existence, especially with regard to the relation between an individual and their community. The unjustifiability of the power of judging, uncertainty and the value of suspension of judgment are analyzed as well. It comments also on the topics of the end of life, the end of history and the conception of time exempt from the expectation of an end. Furthermore, it addresses the relations of Nietzsche and Kafka to the present and to the possible future of the world (primarily with reference to the organization of a communication space, to religion, to the concept of the sacred, and to the potential changes of human nature). The...
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The Body of Music
Galuška, Ondřej ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Karfíková, Lenka (referee) ; Kolman, Vojtěch (referee)
The Body of Music examines in what sense we can and must ascribe some sort of a body to music, which has traditionally been considered the most ideal and metaphysical of arts, and it seeks to analyze different aspects of corporeality in music. Its aim is to show that the body of music cannot be reduced to mere physical vibrations or simply to the condition sine qua non of musical experience. The body is always somehow active in music, it co-creates it, inspires it, it forms its significance or signifiance. Simultaneously it is itself transformed by music, it is played out in and through music. First, the body becomes apparent when we look at music as a process and activity rather than as a product. The body of a musician is that of a perpetual learner, it transforms itself, it is forced to think by itself and while "performing" music it has to breathe life into it, actualize it. Second, confronted with the process of learning and a musical instrument we come across the body of sound: something like the obstinacy of the material, irreducible to the intelligible strata of the musical sound. Sound is a complex phenomenon, whose material layer is itself productive of meaning. Third, there is the body of the listener, which is similar to that of the musician in that it too has to "perform", compose the music....
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Biopower and autonomism
Poppr, Martin ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Kouba, Petr (referee)
Martin Poppr : Biopower and autonomism (abstract of bachelor thesis) The main subject of the thesis is the relationship between an individual and the society. My goal is to find out the origin of the social authority, society cares, and the society control. My work will as well question the relationship between the knowledge and the power, and if both of them are in some way relied to the violence. My work will be based in the philosophy of Michel Foucault, his archeology of knowledge and his studies of the society. I will try to find out how is the knowledge defined by its own discourse. The discourse is a special form of a social power. I will focus my work on the question, how is every human being influenced by the social power and the power of discourse. I will also stay focused on the topic reading few more authors. I will follow Gilles Deleuze developing Foucault's concept of "bio-power", leading us from the age of "Enlightenment" to the present. Foucault himself finds as a good way, how to study the power, to study the forms of the political resistance. That is why I will also focus my attention on the philosophy of "autonomism".
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On the normal and the abnormal
Šarkadyová, Lucie ; Kouba, Petr (advisor) ; Petříček, Miroslav (referee)
This paper represents an attempt to examine the possibility of inserting certain positive meanings into the concept of normality without at the same time perceiving it normatively. In this attempt it is vital to cast away our understanding of the rules of normativity and conception of normality as a process of fulfilling the rules of a society and understand the norm in relation to an individual. This individualistic understanding enables us to approach normality in its specific way. There are no prescribed determining rules: all that is left is our own decision and personal norm. These are going to form a dynamic order that is related to aa actual situation. Such order does not necessarily have to be universal one since it is determined and in certain manner shaped by our own existence.
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Natural law
Bulušek, Martin ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the problems which result from the division of law into positive law and natural law. These problems can be summarized by a question whether there is a standard by which one could evaluate the rightness of the positive law or whether there is only boundless legal licence. The thesis sees a possible solution to this dilemma in the work of Friedrich Nietzsche and his ontological reinterpretation of the concepts of subject, morality, power and justice. The result is an insight that by rejecting metaphysically conceived natural law, we do not throw off the possibility of evaluating the law as such. Justice, conceived not as a static factum, but as a constantly found and lost quality of a legal system, should become the instrument of this new criticism. Legal system itself is conceived as an outcome of the struggle of diverse perspectives, which leads to continuous revaluation (interpretation) of its elements and so it constantly leads to new forms of justice from which none can be just "per se", because that would lead to the elimination of the tension which founds the legal system as such.
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Mutational analysis of manumycin antibiotics biosynthetic routes
Kolek, Jan ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Zikánová, Blanka (referee)
Mutational analysis of manumycin antibiotics biosynthetic routes The manumycin antibiotics are secondary metabolites, which come from a big group of polyketide metabolites. They are produced by bacteria from genus Streptomyces. Manumycin antibiotics are characterized by two linear polyketide chains, which are connected to a central mC7N moiety. The lower chain is often terminated by the C5N moiety. Manumycin metabolites show many biological activities. They have antimicrobial activity, especially against gram-positive bacteria. Next, they posses antifungal, insecticidal or antiinflamatory activities. Manumycins are also potentional anticancer agents. In order to prepare these compounds by the fermentation, the detailed knowledge of their biosynthetic routes is required. Mutational analysis is based on techniques of genetic engineering. Mutational analysis is a useful pool for analysis of biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites and the genes, which are involved in these pathways. This knowledge is essential for application of combinatorial biosynthesis for the design of new metabolites. The new hybrid compound could be used in future as new antibiotics or anticancer drugs. Keywords: manumycin, polyketide, streptomyces, asukamycin
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