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Internment of Bishops Josef Hlouch and Karel Skoupý during Communism
Kolouch, František ; Míšková, Alena (advisor) ; Šebek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Pehr, Michal (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Pedagogická fakulta Katedra dějin a didaktiky dějepisu DISERTAČNÍ PRÁCE Internment of Bishops Josef Hlouch and Karel Skoupý during Communism ABSTRACT: The dissertation deals with the internment of the Roman Catholic Church Bishops Josef Hlouch and Karel Skoupý during the Communist Regime in Czechoslovakia in 1949 -1968. The work initially presents effort of the post-coup Communist government to transform the Roman Catholic Church into the national church, subordinated to the state, and unsuccessful negotiations of government representatives with bishops. The main part of the dissertation deals with the internment of Bishops on the example of Bishop Josef Hlouch of České Budějovice and Bishop Karel Skoupý of Brno. Both were first detained in their residences and later transported outside the diocese and for many years interned in secret buildings, supervised by State Security. The aim and purpose of this dissertation is to present coherently the internment of the Bishops in those buildings. The work's main resources are archival materials and testimony of witnesses. Those are the base to describe the Bishops' daily life in the internment and its organization. Another aim is to show the impact that the bishops' isolation had on the Roman Catholic Church. This result is the effort to...
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Political Trial with "Leaders of illegal anti-state Group KDS" in 1955 and related Trials
Tilsch, Jan ; Míšková, Alena (advisor) ; Pehr, Michal (referee) ; Svoboda, Libor (referee)
Main Content of this Work is to describe in detail Part of political Trials in Czechoslovakia during the first Part of 1950's, focused against political Opponents coming from Czechoslovak People's Party (ČSL) or Roman Catholic. The Topic - political Trial with "Leaders of illegal anti-state Group Christian-Democratic Party (KDS)" in 1955 and related Trials - is almost unprocessed. The Goal of this Work is to sketch long-lasting "crusade", managed by the communist Power, against "virtual political Entity KDS". This "crusade" should culminate by public political Trial with Leaders of KDS. I'd like to focus on Secret state Police (StB) and its searching of Leaders of KDS, showing the Mechanism of anti-state Groups' Construction too. During the final Part I'd like to show continuance of struggle against other Groups of KDS after the Year 1955 until 1960's and introduce real activities of KDS' Leaders.
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Historic causes and context of the present position of the Roman Catholic Church in the Czech society
Černý, Jan Karel ; Rychlík, Jan (advisor) ; Pehr, Michal (referee)
(in English) This thesis is focused on historic causes and context of contemporary position of the Roman Catholic Church in the Czech society. To chosen problematics I approach through a concept of spirituality which enables us to have a preview on other phenomena and processes that disrupted catholic religiosity. My thesis starts in the Enlightenment which has had a quite underlying ideological influence on the position churches all over the Europe, while I complemented this chapter by secularization aspects of Judeo-Christian tradition. The next chapter dedicating to 19. century is primarily focused on modernization processes (especially Czech nationalism) which could replace or suppressed traditional religiosity. The short 20. century is devided on formation of relationship between state, church and society (The First Republic and communist period) and simoustaneously in framework of this part it is introduced postmodern transformation of religion whose ,,offshoots" characterise present Czech spirituality. The Revolution and the beginning of the 90s are viewed from two approaches - from a dissolution of concensus and from adapted liminal theory. How it seems, the contemporary position of the Catholic Church is given profound processes - especially anti-catholic form of nationalism and a rate of...
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Jan Scheinost. Catholic and Fascist, Journalist and Politician
Klementová, Eliška ; Doubek, Vratislav (advisor) ; Pehr, Michal (referee) ; Šebek, Jaroslav (referee)
The aim of the doctoral thesis is an analysis of the ideas and political activities of Jan Scheinost (1896-1964), a journalist and skilful backstage policymaker who was also known as an ideologist of Czech fascism. The thesis presents and analyses primarily those texts and activities of this controversial personality which were somehow unique, typical or atypical for the Czechoslovak political and intellectual scene of the First and Second Republic, i.e. from the 1920s to the period of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The influential Catholic journalist Scheinost is often connected not only with conservative traditional Catholicism but also with Fascism in academic literature. However, the thesis tries to prove that throughout his career, Jan Scheinost was always mainly looking for the most suitable movement or political party for putting into practice his aggressive Catholic ideas. At the same time the thesis also follows the historical, cultural and media context in which has Scheinost, as the editor in chief of the daily Lidové listy, acted. Scheinost, as a convinced nationalist and Catholic, joined the Czechoslovak People's Party at the beginning of the 1920s, but this party was not conservative enough for him, and he also felt that it made too many compromises. That is why he...
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Edvard Beneš and the Slovak issue at the Second Czechoslovak resistance
Kadlecová, Zita ; Kocian, Jiří (advisor) ; Pehr, Michal (referee)
This work Edvard Beneš and the Slovak issue at the Second Czechoslovak resistance focuses on the explanation of selected issues in the history of Czechoslovakian politics during the Second Czechoslovak resistance in Paris, London and Moscow between 1938-1945. This interpretation will concentrate on changes in the resistance, especially with regard to the issues affecting Slovaks and Slovakia in the period from the autumn of 1938 to the spring of 1945. It attempts as much as possible to describe and analyze the transformations in the perception of the Slovak issue while Czechoslovakian government was in exile, paying particular attention to this in relation to President E. Beneš, his followers and Slovakian members of the resistance movement. This topic will be studied highlighting significant aspects of wartime events, staging of foreign action and the situation back home - in the Protectorate and in the Slovak State. Also the actions of opposition and its key leaders will be mentioned. The aim of this research is to show the development and progression of conceptions of the Slovak issue in chronological stages of foreign resistance. Another aim is to illustrate the influence of the international political circumstances, the foreign policy orientation of the Czechoslovak exile, and events in the...
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The repatriation of Czechs and Slovakians into Czechoslovakia after the First World War
Lacko, Miroslav ; Doubek, Vratislav (advisor) ; Pehr, Michal (referee)
The topic of my work was The Repatriation of Czechs and Slovaks into Czechoslovakia after the First World War. I describe the years 1918 - 1923 in Central Europe, specifically in Czechoslovakia and in other new succession states after Austria-Hungary. My work is divided into 4 different chapters, introduction and conclusion. The first chapter describes the First World War and its consequences for Central European region. It also describes economic problems in succession states, the changes of territory, situation in Czechoslovakia after 1918 and it characterizes population in key countries (Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Austria and Poland) for my topic. The second chapter is focused on Czechoslovakia. It shortly explains reasons of emigration and immigration of Czechs and Slovaks before and also after the First World War. It describes factors which have big influence on repatriation in Czechoslovakia (for example land reform). The third and fourth chapters analyze materials from archives. They present a lot of very concrete examples of repatriation process (lack of housing, problems with citizenship, unemployment). It points at importance of state executive institutions for repatriation process. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry Social Security and...
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The Position of the Czechoslovakia Senate in the Political System in the First Republic
Kouřimský, Jan ; Pehr, Michal (advisor) ; Polášek, Martin (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to show the life and functioning of the Senate of the National Assembly of Czechoslovakia. The upper house of the Czechoslovak Parliament functioned between 1920 and 1939 after which it was officially dissolved during the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. In the concerned period, the chamber was gradually saw 444 lawmakers of seven different nationalities. The biggest number consisted of Czechs and Germans. The functioning of the Senate is analyzed from multiple angles. First the debate accompanying the establishment of a second chamber before the adoption of the new Constitution in 1920 is analyzed. Attention is also paid to the period debates and unrealized proposals for a Senate reform at the end the 1920's, linked to the proposed creation of the Economic Parliament. Also shown is the proportional representation electoral system used for elections to the Senate. The results were reflected in a large number of political parties with low electoral gains, which in turn hindered the creation of a stable political environment. The thesis considers the party, ethnic, social, intellectual and oratory activities of individual senators. The lives of some of the lawmakers who held seats in the upper chamber in the First Republic and were negatively affected by the German...
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The film and politics. Propaganda and political agitation in Czech feature film 1948-1956
Bartošová, Simona ; Pehr, Michal (advisor) ; Polášek, Martin (referee)
Master thesis The film and politics. Propaganda and political agitation in Czech feature film 1948-1956 regards form and range of political, respectively communist ideology in chosen successful Czech feature motion pictures of the above mentioned time period. Investigates how and how far communist ideology influenced the examined films, even e.g. how much open or hidden agitation and propaganda it was. Main question of the thesis is why these films - which are often designated as propagandistic, agitation or at least ideologically tendentious - were so attractive for their viewers at that time. The thesis is theoretically based on supportive literature on history, totalitarianism and Czech film and practically on analysis of particular movies, which are absolutely essential for that time period.
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Fascist trends in peasant party in thirties of twentienth century
Duraj, Matouš ; Doubek, Vratislav (advisor) ; Pehr, Michal (referee)
Fascist tendencies in peasant party in thirties of twentieth century Abstract (in English): This work will concern with fascist trends in peasant party during the thirties of twentieth century. This period is characterised by taking power or consolidation of non-democratic regimes and deepening the economical crisis. In this work we will try to find out if the fascist trends were incorporated in politics and speeches of republican party. At first we will describe the function of republican party in political system of Czechoslovakia. Then we will determine basic features of fascist movements based on the analysis of several authors, which will be compared with the manifestations of the peasant party and assess if there are fascist tendencies or not.
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Parlamentary elections 1925
Širůčková, Erika ; Pehr, Michal (advisor) ; Polášek, Martin (referee)
(in English): This thesis deals with the parliamentary elections in 1925 in Czechoslovakia. The paper briefly describes the political system under the baton of those elections were held. The main aim of this work is the analysis of the election campaign, the elections and their results, political parties in 1925 to contest for seats in parliament involved, and the atmosphere in the society during the elections.
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