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Role of perivascular fat tissue in the development of cardiovascular diseases
Čejková, Soňa ; Ždychová, Jana (advisor) ; Pavlišová, Jana (referee)
Abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Adipocytes produce several paracrine bioactive substances that can affect VSMC growth and migration. Our study focused on the ability of epicardial adipocytes to produce bioactive substances together with studying of direct effect of these substances on the VSMC proliferation rate. The gene expression of human cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, RANTES and MCP-1) and adipokines (leptin and adiponectin) was measured in primary cell lines of epicardial and visceral adipocytes, both in undifferentiated and mature statuses. Moreover, adipokine production (IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, VEGF and adiponectin) in conditioned media obtained from above mentioned primary cell cultures of adipocytes was measured by a Luminex assay. The VSMC proliferation rate was measured after co-culturing with CM obtained from primary cell cultures of adipocytes. The epicardial preadipocytes showed an increased expression of IL-8 (3,25-fold, p<0,05) compared with visceral preadipocytes. The expression of the adiponectin in epicardial preadipocytes was markedly decreased in comparison of the expression in visceral preadipocytes (p< 0,0001). Moreover, the gene expression was dependent on the differentiation...
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The analysis of mechanisms associated with beneficial metabolic effects of marine Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in different lipid forms.
Pavlišová, Jana ; Rossmeisl, Martin (advisor) ; Maletínská, Lenka (referee) ; Cahová, Monika (referee)
Obesity, one of the most serious health problems of the 21st century, often occurs as a result of an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Dietary lipids play an important role in the development of obesity, partly because they represent the richest source of energy amongst all macronutrients. It is, however, not only the amount of consumed lipids, but also the composition of fatty acids, which strongly influences health effects of a particular diet. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) are generally considered as unhealthy due to their pro-inflammatory and lipotoxic properties, while monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) represent a healthier alternative, as they are more readily oxidized and do not disrupt biochemical properties of cellular membranes. Amongst PUFA, PUFA of n-3 series (Omega-3) represent an utterly unique class of lipids that have been documented to protect against cardiovascular disease and dyslipidemia in men and improve insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance primarily in animal models of obesity. Some molecular mechanisms of Omega-3 action have been already uncovered, such as the modification of biological membranes composition, activation of various transcription factors and membrane receptors, and their role as precursors for...
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Role of perivascular fat tissue in the development of cardiovascular diseases
Čejková, Soňa ; Ždychová, Jana (advisor) ; Pavlišová, Jana (referee)
Abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Adipocytes produce several paracrine bioactive substances that can affect VSMC growth and migration. Our study focused on the ability of epicardial adipocytes to produce bioactive substances together with studying of direct effect of these substances on the VSMC proliferation rate. The gene expression of human cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, RANTES and MCP-1) and adipokines (leptin and adiponectin) was measured in primary cell lines of epicardial and visceral adipocytes, both in undifferentiated and mature statuses. Moreover, adipokine production (IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, VEGF and adiponectin) in conditioned media obtained from above mentioned primary cell cultures of adipocytes was measured by a Luminex assay. The VSMC proliferation rate was measured after co-culturing with CM obtained from primary cell cultures of adipocytes. The epicardial preadipocytes showed an increased expression of IL-8 (3,25-fold, p<0,05) compared with visceral preadipocytes. The expression of the adiponectin in epicardial preadipocytes was markedly decreased in comparison of the expression in visceral preadipocytes (p< 0,0001). Moreover, the gene expression was dependent on the differentiation...
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The role of adipose tissue in the pathophysiology of obesity and anorexia nervosa
Kratochvílová, Helena ; Haluzík, Martin (advisor) ; Pavlišová, Jana (referee)
The view of adipose tissue and its significance in human pathophysiology has changed substantially in the recent couple of years. It has been shown that adipose tissue is not only a passive storage site for excess energy, but that it actively participates in the maintenance of whole-body homeostasis as an endocrine organ producing various hormones and other biologically active molecules, which by acting in an endocrine, paracrine as well as autocrine fashion affect different organs and systems. An intact regulation of adipose tissue processes plays an important role in sustaining the integrity of the organism, whereas its defects lead to the development of a number of diseases. This thesis focuses primarily on the significance of adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of obesity and anorexia nervosa. In the last years, the incidence of obesity rapidly increases ranking, along with its complications, among the world's leading health problems. Obesity is associated with endocrine dysfunction of adipose tissue characterized by disrupted production of adipose tissue hormones and cytokines resulting in the development of numerous disorders including type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. A completely opposite disorder, where, however, adipose tissue, or more precisely the absence of it, plays...
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A Comparison of Syntactic Structures in the Bible Translations from 1550 and 1992 with Regard to Morphological Changes
Pavlisová, Jana ; Štajnerová, Petra (advisor) ; Houhová, Jana (referee)
The aim of this dissertation is to study differences and correspondences in the syntactic structures in two Danish translations of the Bible which were made in two fundamentally different times; this means in the first complete translation of the Bible into Danish, the so-called Christian III Bible from the year 1550, and in the contemporary translation of the Bible from the year 1992. The studied corpus is represented by the Gospel of John. The main areas of research are word order in main clauses and subordinate clauses, and use of conujunctions in chosen types of subordinate clauses. The work points out the possible influence of its translation template, the Luther Bible from the the year 1545, on the syntax of the Christian III Bible. Key terms: Christian III Bible, 1992 Bible, conjunctions, word order, syntax, diachrony
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