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Rating scales in traumatology
PROKOPOVÁ, Martina
This diploma thesis is split into two parts - a theoretical and an empirical one. Most of the content of the theoretical part is created by description of individual scales and tests, used for different areas. There are briefly mentioned phenomena of traumatology, the history of trauma centers in the Czech Republic and the nursing care. In this part there is also information regarding nursing documentation which the evaluation scales are part of. The first unit of research part of the diploma thesis was realized in the form of quantitative survey on the basis of semi-structured interviews with nurses working at trauma department. The results of this survey were examined in details with help of categorization and coding. The most important answers of the people surveyed were shown in diagrams, which were created according to the defined categories. For the second unit was chosen quantitative research, performed in the form of non-standardized questionnaire with the total of 110 people surveyed. The results of the questionnaire survey were statistically processed. Regarding the questionnaire survey, five research questions and two hypothesis were identified. The aim of this paper was to research the use of evaluation scales for patients in traumatology and at the same time to map the point of view of nurses on the issue of evaluation scales and their use in nursing. According to the statistical results it is true that the opinion of nurses, regarding the scales, is affected by the length of their praxis and the level of education. The results of the research concluded that evaluation techniques are positively accepted by the nurses. With their help, it is possible to evaluate a patient´s skills, needs and problems with nursing care, in a simple way. According to the survey, nurses did not see some of the scales as objective because in case of some items, there might occur projection of personal perception into the process of evaluation. The reason is the lack of information which nurses are missing when using the scales. The nurses are aware of benefits of using these scales but they do mind the time spent for filling it. The struggle with time is a commonand constant problem the nurses have. It is given by the disproportionate number of tasks caused by the lack of staff. That is the reason why no greater interest can be expected. In traumatology, according to the result, the greater application of scales will be found with VAS and CGS scales.
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Rating scales in traumatology
PROKOPOVÁ, Martina
Modern lifestyle (technology, increasing intensity of sport activities, motor sports) results into increasing number of injuries and traumas and their seriousness. Injuries are at the first place in the assessment of cause of death among children and adults. Traumatology deals with prevention, diagnosis and treatment of injuries involving soft tissues, bones and joints. Traumatology should be considered as a complex diagnostic-therapeutic process, which includes medical history, clinical examination and imaging methods. Based on this examination, the diagnosis is made. Then comes therapeutical considerations and possibly a patient is indicated for surgery. Evaluation scales in nursing are elementary and integral part of nursing documentation. With their help, it is possible to define the object of observation and the way of evaluation (scoring of selected manifestations). Based on the received information it is then possible to precisely identify, objectify and document the problems arising in connection with nursing care. The result is finding an adequate solution to the problem and improving the quality of nursing care. Therefore, nurses should be equipped with basic skills on how to use the scales and how to work with them. The thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical and an empirical one. The theoretical parts contains information about traumatology, its history and trauma centers in the Czech republic. It also contains information about nursing documentation, which includes assessment scales. We mainly focused on individual assessment scales for evaluation of state of consciousness, the risk of bedsores, the risk of falling and scales for evaluation of the degree of self-sufficiency. Among other scales we dealt with pain assessment, nutritional screening and screening tests for cognitive function evaluation. We have discussed these scales further in the text. The first part of the research part of this diploma paper was carried out in the form of a qualitative survey based on semi-structured interviews with nurses, working in the traumatology department. The interviews included basic and supplementary questions which were asked later, in case of need during the interviews with interviewees. The survey was conducted in April, in a trauma center in the Czech Republic. After finishing the interviews, the results were examined into detail by coding and categorization. The most important answers of the respondents were shown in the diagrams, which were created according to the defined categories. For the second group, a quantitative research, conducted in the form of an anonymous survey, was chosen - a survey with 50 respondents. This technique was chosen as a support for the received qualitative data. The goal of this thesis was to find out the use of assessment scales for evaluation of a patient in traumatology and at the same time to map the nurses´ point of view of the issue of using assessment scales in traumatology. To achieve the goal, following questions were formulated. RQ1: What assessment scales are used in traumatology for evaluation of patients? RQ2: How can the assessment scales contribute to improving the patient care? RQ3: Are the assessment scales actively used for determining the patient care intervention? RQ4: What is the opinion of nurses on using the assessment scales in traumatology? RQ5: What assessment scales are comfortable and beneficial for nurses to use in traumatology? During the research was found out that using of assessment scales results into improving the patient care, it helps us to regularly evaluate patient´s condition and to assess the risks the patient is during his/her hospitalization, endangered with. Although the nurses see the scales as beneficial, the scales are just another administrative burden for nurses in the traumatology department. However, the results of these scales are actively used to determine suitable intervention.
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About the Cheese from Mokrá in Other Perspective
Prokopová, Martina ; Pauknerová, Karolína (advisor) ; Tošner, Jiří (referee)
The topic of the thesis is the production of cheese in a slovak village Mokrá. It is described from the perspective of Actors-Network theory and from the practice-turn point of view. The thesis combines the results of an ethnographic research on the location with an experimental ethnographic writing. It all comes from the notion, that cheese can be considered as an actor, that is able to influence physical and socio-cultural life of the cheesemongers. The cheese is taken as hybrid, natural, discursive and collective character. The author focuses on the agency of cheese primarily in the relationship to the bodies of the cheesemongers using the concept of practical understanding, as well as in the relationship to the landscape using the concept of terroir and taskscapes. In order to see the phenomenon of homemade cheese from a new perspective, the author writes from different space-time perspectives. At the beginning the space-time perspective is extended, so cheese is perceived as an event, what enables us to find new actors in the cheese production process. Afterwards the perspective is reduced to the world of the lactic acid bacteria to discover their impact on the cheese production, its taste and quality and on the discurse of micro-biopolitics. A separate part of the thesis is focused on the...
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Staff's activities of Hygiene station Sokolov in the prevention HIV/AIDS in 1987 - 2008
Prokopová, Martina ; Čelko, Alexander (advisor)
This bachelor's degree work focussed on "Staff's activities of Hygiene station Sokolov in the prevention HIV/AIDS in 1987 - 2008" is rating the effectivity of the HIV/AIDS consulting clinic, which is progress since 1987 and the "Regional program for primary precaution of HIV/AIDS and other diseases caused by sex in the region Sokolov and also activities in the region Cheb", which is in progress since 1995. It also reflects our trying to influence not only the acting of some high-risk groups of the population in our region, especially people who are offering sex for money, members of the gay community and peple addicted to drugs. It also tries to influence the young people in this region by teaching them more about spreading HIV/AIDS and other diseases that are being spreaded by sex if we talk about the social composition of the population, however we came off with a succes of maping a part of street prostitution and manage a regular doctor care for some of the prostitutes, including healing of diseases and regular revisions in the dermatovenelogic counter. Through targeted doctor care and information about the diseases we achieved, that the prostitues are informed about the risks of venereal diseases, including HIV/AIDS. In the territory of other high-risk groups in our population we achieved a cooperation...
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The concept of sense activation and the changes in the care of a patient with a dementia disease.
PROKOPOVÁ, Martina
Dementia is becoming one of the most common disease in an old age. It is a set of symptoms which is created on the basis of the chronic or progressive brain disease. The most common cause of dementia is the Alzheimer´s disease. Currently there is no cure for dementia but it is possible to slow down the progress and make that the life of a patient better. The sensory activation is a concept which serves to seniors and mainly to people with dementia disease. Among people with this disease, the sensory stimulation is used mainly for strengthening and the usage of existing competencies. It´s main objective is to keep or refresh a patient´s own social and substantive competencies. It is important to use this method and provide a patient with dementia with honourable, active and meaningful old age. The bachelor thesis is divided into two parts, a theoretical and an empirical one. The theoretical part contains information dealing with the problem of dementia. There we will learn what the dementia is, what is the cause of it, how the dementia is diagnosed and what the communication with people suffering with dementia should be like. Then the theoretical part contains information about the concept of the sensory activation. We will learn what is the goal of it, we will find some information about the tools used for the sensory activation, it´s planning and the subsequent realization. There is a chapter called "a human biography" which is very important for the method of sensory activation. In the next part there are described some other models of caretaking, for example the model of professor Erwin Bohm and the model of Validation by Naomi Feil.
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