|
|
Capital punishment
Němcová, Jana ; Novotný, Oto (advisor) ; Fenyk, Jaroslav (referee)
Oprávněnost trestu smrti je již po staletí diskutovaným problémem, a to nejen z hlediska trestního práva, ale i etického, filozofického, morálního, náboženského či lékařského. Téma trestu smrti se znovu dostává do popředí zájmu české veřejnosti, zejména v souvislosti s vraždou Jana Rokose vlastní matkou, s heparinovým vrahem Petrem Zelenkou a sexuální vraždou Jakuba Šimánka. Cílem diplomové práce je prozkoumat tuto problematiku, zhodnotit odborné diskuze a veřejné mínění, charakterizovat používané argumenty zastánců i odpůrců trestu smrti a vývoj legislativního řešení otázky trestu smrti v našem státě s přihlédnutím k vývoji v Evropě a ve světě. Pro uvedení tématu je nejprve rozveden pojem a účel trestu všeobecně, následující kapitola se věnuje trestu smrti z historického hlediska. Další část je zaměřena na způsoby poprav, které lidstvo používalo v minulosti a na tzv. moderní metody, mezi něž se řadí gilotina, zastřelení, elektrické křeslo, plynová komora a smrtící injekce. Nelze říci, že by jakýkoliv způsob popravy byl humánní, ospravedlnitelný pro ukončení lidského života. Stručně je pojednáno o trestu smrti v USA a rozebráno zrušení trestu smrti v jednotlivých státech ve světě. Jednou ze stěžejních kapitol je polemika o trestu smrti, kde jsou porovnány názory zastánců a odpůrců absolutního trestu. Dále...
|
|
|
The Crime of Rape - criminal and criminological aspects
Čapková, Táňa ; Gřivna, Tomáš (advisor) ; Novotný, Oto (referee)
THE CRIME OF RAPE - CRIMINAL AND CRIMINOLOGICAL ASPECTS The thesis is composed of six chapters and is focused on criminal and criminological aspects of the crime of rape. I decided to write about this topic especially because of severity of the consequences caused by this crime to the victim and because of the dangerousness of the offender. Chapter One is subdivided into six parts and it contains the introduction to the topic, in particular the outline of the historical development in this area and analysis of the current legislation with focus on terms which could be difficult to interpret. This chapter ends with presentation of static data regarding to the crime of rape and their graphical representation. Next chapter consists of three parts and is focused on the offender of the crime of rape, particularly on his personality, typology and prediction of his future development. Following part of the thesis is subdivided into five parts. It deals in great detail with victims of this type of crime especially with primary and secondary victimization caused to them and with all kinds of help that could be provided to them. Considerable scope of this chapter is dedicated to the bill on victims of the crime which could be from the perspective of current legislation and its deficiencies in case of...
|
|
|
The issue of an offender's personality in criminology
Švadlenková, Vendula ; Novotný, Oto (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
74 RESUMÉ " Questions of offender's personality in kriminology " In my thesis, I deal with a term "personality of an offender" in the face of pozitive penal law and also with regard to kriminology as a multidisciplinary science with multiplicity of technics and theories. Criminological resarches provide a huge range of informations and facts and these matters of fact are the basis for formulation many theories which try to explain how could a society recognize an offender and if it's practically possible to categorize these people to some groups with specific features. I speak about theories which try to explain a reasons of kriminality, mainly biological, psychological and sociological theories where every single one has own view on the basic principle of criminaltity. I also work with practical studies, mainly with statistics of police or courts which are also valuable contribution for enouncement of some conclusion or theory. Important chapter about recidivation and individual prediction of criminal acting handle with posibility of recovery of deliquency and try to find some proceeding how to avoid or reduce this probability. The last chapter is dedicated to questions of women kriminality and tries to summarize available opinions how to deal with this phenomen and explains its low index.
|
|
| |
|
|
Death penalty
Pilát, Matěj ; Císařová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Novotný, Oto (referee)
Capital Punishment Abstract This paper is aimed at the capital punishment and its usage in modern society. The basic question examined is, whether death penalty can ever be justified as a tool to fight the most heinous crimes. In order to determine the answer this question, I am examining the capital punishment from the point of view of possible functions it can have and weighting it against inherent risks and harms created by it. The first chapter of this thesis is based on description. Firstly it shows the history of using the capital punishment in the area of Czech Republic; secondly I describe the usage around the world - mainly in USA, China and Middle East. Lastly I analyze international law concerned with capital punishment - namely International Covenant on Civil and Political rights and European Charter of Human rights, optional protocols to them and of course court decisions regarding these treaties. The second chapter is aimed at evaluating the possible benefits that using of capital punishment can have - especially when compared to life imprisonment. It is divided according to these functions, which are deterrence of potential criminals, protection of the society from sentenced criminals and the retribution for the crimes committed. In the end I find no clear benefit that executing of felons...
|
|
| |
|
|
The issue of an offender's personality in criminology
Špiritová, Stanislava ; Novotný, Oto (advisor) ; Gřivna, Tomáš (referee)
v anglickém jazyce The subject of my master's degree thesis is "The Issue of an Offender's Personality in Criminology". The aim of my thesis is disclosing reasons of delinquency from the view of the offender. In the first chapter I focused on basic terms such as what is criminology, criminality, and what defines an offender. In the second chapter I summarized the relevant criminological theories. The next chapter is about typologies of offenders. The fourth chapter, I pay attention to the term "personality", it's structure, term BASIC ID and the motivation of delinquency. The last chapter deals with juvenile criminality, which increased exponentially after the Velvet Revolution in 1989.
|
|
|
The issue of an offender's personality in criminology
Kurguzova, Alena ; Novotný, Oto (advisor) ; Gřivna, Tomáš (referee)
Over the course of its development, in addressing its fundamental problems and conducting its own researches, criminology has compiled, classified, analysed and discussed a large quantity of data on offenders from the various perspectives of its schools and trends. Despite the fact that it has not created an integrated conception of the personality of the offender or a universally recognised classification or typology of offenders, with regard to the majority of existing problems it has been and continues to be able to provide very valuable insights and to offer possible solutions to several problems, including responses to the fundamental questions raised in the introduction to my thesis. In my diploma thesis I have attempted to provide at least a basic outline of the most important aspects of the theory of the personality of the offender in criminology. It is practically impossible to provide an all-embracing overview of criminological theories and conceptions, and as a result I have rather attempted to summarise and classify the knowledge of the personality of the offender gained to date and presented brief characteristics of the most significant conceptions of the various schools of criminological thought. Approximately one half of my thesis is devoted to the problem of female delinquency and...
|
|
| |
|
| |
guest ::
RSS feed.