National Repository of Grey Literature 362 records found  previous11 - 20nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.01 seconds. 
The study of functional and pharmacological properties of glutamate receptors
Kysilov, Bohdan ; Vyklický, Ladislav (advisor) ; Valeš, Karel (referee) ; Novotný, Jiří (referee)
N-methyl-D-Aspartate receptors (NMDAR) are ionotropic glutamate receptors that are involved in the regulation of nearly every process in the brain. Therefore, even a subtle disturbance in NMDAR function may result in severe pathological consequences. Loss-of- function mutations in the NMDAR-encoding genes have been implicated in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders, including intellectual disability, developmental delay, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and movement disorders. Insufficient NMDAR function can be rectified by positive allosteric modulators, including neurosteroids; however, the mechanism underlying the potentiating effect of steroids is not well understood. By employing patch-clamp electrophysiology we assessed the effect of newly synthesized neurosteroid-like pregnane analogues on recombinant GluN1/GluN2B receptors. We demonstrated that compounds with short C3 residues, such as pregnanolone acetate (PA- Ace) and pregnanolone carboxylate (PA-Car), are negative modulators of NMDAR, whereas compounds with longer C3 residues, such as pregnanolone butyrate (PA-But) and epipregnanolone butyrate (EPA-But), are positive modulators of NMDARs. Furthermore, we revealed that EPA-But has a disuse-dependent positive allosteric effect, being similar in that regard to endogenous...
Role of the cannabinoid system in neurodegenerative processes
Akantisová, Lucia ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Búran, Peter (referee)
The endocannabinoid system (ECD) is involved in a significant number of physiological functions in the central and peripheral nervous system. The ECD consists of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), endogenous ligands (ANA, 2-AG) and the enzymatic apparatus required for their synthesis (NAPE and DAGL) and degradation (FAAH, MAG). In the human brain, the cannabinoid receptor CB1 is the most widespread of the group of receptors that bind to G proteins. The signaling mechanisms of these proteins contribute to the overall homeostasis of the organism. With their activity, they affect the concentrations of second messengers, the activity of ion channels, the release of neurotransmitters, and regulate immune responses. In this context, studies in the last 20 years have focused on research in the field of neurodegenerative diseases. Today, i tis known that treatment with cannabinoid compounds improves neurological deficits associated with neuronal damage and alleviates inflammatory processes in animal models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis. At the clinical level, treatment with cannabinoids has helped with certain accompanying symptoms occuring in neurodegenerative diseases such as neuropathic pain, insomnia and spasticity. Key words: endocannabinoid system, cannabinoids,...
Pharmacotherapy in the treatment of opioid addiction
Bodinková, Jolana ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Kašík, Petr (referee)
Opiate addiction represents a difficult problem, both medically and socially. With millions of affected people, either by such kinds of addiction or its side effects, across the globe, the condition requires its resolution to be effective, which can be provided by opioid pharmacotherapy, either methadone-, buprenorphine- or naloxone-based. In regard to increasing numbers of not only cases but also deaths, related to drug overdose, opiate addiction treatments still remain underused in medical settings. This thesis summarizes pharmacotherapy practices used during opioid use disorder treatments. Its main part predominantly focuses on the description of therapeutical procedures, their advantages, and deficiencies. Keywords: opioid abuse, pharmacotherapy, methadone, buprenorphine, naloxone
Projekce plánu společných zařízení v komplexní pozemkové úpravě ve zvolené lokalitě
NOVOTNÝ, Jiří
The master's thesis focuses on the designing of the plan of common facilities in the complex land consolidation in the selected area. The theoretical part includes a research that defines the land treatments, the extent of survey works essential for the elaboration of the plan of common facilities and further, the description of the plan of common facilities itself. Practical part proposes appropriate anti-erosive measures that should protect the agricultural soil resources in the cadastral area Rájov. The designed mea-sures help to decrease the undesirable effects of water erosion and improve the conditi-ons of the nature and landscape in the area. The results of the suggested measures are elaborated in both textual and graphic form.
The effect of morphine withdrawal on G protein-coupled receptors and redox balance in rat brain
Kočárková, Veronika ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Černá, Barbora (referee)
Although morphine is one of the most effective analgesics available, its long-term use is severely limited by the development of tolerance and dependence. Molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects have been the focus of intensive research for decades aimed at developing safer and more effective pain treatments. The aim of this thesis was to contribute to a better understanding of the molecular actions of morphine, as an understanding of these processes is essential to develop better therapeutic approaches. Using western blot analysis, we investigated the effect of 10-day treatment with increasing doses of morphine and its subsequent withdrawal on key components of opioid signalling in the rat cerebellum and cerebral cortex. Amounts of opioid receptors, various heterotrimeric G protein subunits, GRK3 kinase and β-arrestin 2 were examined. Furthermore, the levels of adenosine A3 receptor and cannabinoid receptor type 1 were detected. Finally, we also investigated the effect of morphine and its withdrawal on oxidative stress markers. Morphine administration resulted in a significant decrease in GRK3 kinase levels in both brain regions, and these changes remained even after withdrawal. However, there was no significant change observed in the content of opioid receptors, different G protein...
Studies of cell signaling triggered by the TRH receptor
Trubačová, Radka ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Brejchová, Jana (referee) ; Lazar, Josef (referee)
Activation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor (TRH-R) signaling has an irreplaceable role in a number of cellular processes. Thyroliberin (TRH) plays an important role in the regulation of secretion of other hormones and there are also mentions of its possible antiapoptotic and neuroprotective effects. On the other hand, TRH is quickly degraded and also its other properties, such as cardiac and endocrine side effects and low lipophilicity, disadvantage the therapeutic applications of this hormone compared to its various analogues. Due to their effects on the central nervous systém, TRH and its analogues represent a potential possibility for the treatment of various neurological diseasses, including neurodegenerative disorders. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of TRH and its analogues have not yet been fully elucidated. So far, little is known about the involvement of TRH, or its analogues, in the regulation of energy metabolism or impact on the cellular phosphoproteome. In the first part of the thesis, we focused on the study of the effect of TRH and interacting partners of TRH-R on the lateral mobility of this receptor in the membrane of the TRY-1 cell line stably expressing TRH-R labeled with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) at the C-terminus. The results of...
Rat gut microbiome composition and metabolic faecal markers upon morphine withdrawal
Mičke, Bianka ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Pácha, Jiří (referee)
The primary purpose of this pilot study was a long-term monitoring of the gut microbiome composition and fecal markers of metabolism in rats following the completion of 10-day intraperitoneal administration of increasing morphine doses (from 10 to 50 mg/kg/day) and in the corresponding control groups of rats that didn't administrate morphine. This study involved the introduction of new methods for microbiome and metabolome research, statistical evaluation of results and interpretation of data, or hypothesis to explain the effects of morphine on the gut microbiome and fecal metabolome composition compared to the resulting data of similarly oriented studies. The actual experiment was conducted on male Wistar rats aged 2 months and weighing approximately 300 g, which were maintained on a standard chow diet. The analysis and evaluation of the resulting data showed that there were changes in the composition of the gut microbiome and fecal metabolome in the experimental group compared to the control group during the reporting period but the induced changes were rather temporary. Further studies should be performed using a significantly larger experimental and control group as well as higher time series granularity. Keywords: morphine, opioids, withdrawal, gut microbiome, faecal metabolome
Professional Ethics of Public Prosecutors in the Czech Republic
Novotný, Jiří ; Friedel, Tomáš (advisor) ; Chmel, Jan (referee)
Professional ethics of public prosecutors in the Czech Republic Abstract The diploma thesis is dedicated to problematics of professional ethics from its historical concept, conceptual meaning and development, to current perception and practical application in Czech republic, focusing on public prosecutors of Czech republic. Its purpose is to give readers an insight into theoretical basis of the problematics in question and their influence on current practical uses in the light of current legislation, case study, and other relevant sources. The thesis is structured into three chapters arranged in content from the most abstract chapter to the analysis of specific legal institutes and case studies in the last chapter. It therefore proceeds from the general to the specific in terms of the content. The first, theoretical chapter, focuses on the definition of a key concept in this thesis, the ethics, and other related concepts that are included in the thesis, such as morality, responsibility and law. Furthermore, their mutual relations, connections and differences of meaning are also remembered. The second chapter deals with the professional ethics of public prosecutors with regard to their constitutional grounding in the legal order of the Czech Republic and other legal regulation of lower legal force. It also...
Geometric approach to externally driven quantum systems
Střeleček, Jan ; Cejnar, Pavel (advisor) ; Novotný, Jiří (referee)
The theory of quantum driving of parametric driven Hamiltonians is presented and reformulated using the language of differential geometry. The general fidelity driving in a two-level Hamiltonian system is then analyzed with the particular importance of fidelity time dependence. For the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model, the geometrical structure of its energy state manifolds is calculated with an aim to analyze adiabatic and close adiabatic drivings. 1
Spinor-helicity formalism and amplitudes in different dimensions
Podivín, David ; Kampf, Karol (advisor) ; Novotný, Jiří (referee)
This thesis focuses on spinor-helicity formalism its extensions to different dimensions and its use in constructing scattering amplitudes. At first an outline of this formalism is presented in various dimensions and followed with a brief introduction to constructing amplitudes from a bottom up approach. Following these ideas we calculate possible scattering amplitudes in a theory with a single massless scalar. We further discuss the influence of spacetime dimension on allowed interactions. Lastly we focus on reducing the degrees of freedom in allowed amplitudes by adding properties that interactions should satisfy. These properties are derived from behaviour of known theories. 1

National Repository of Grey Literature : 362 records found   previous11 - 20nextend  jump to record:
See also: similar author names
43 NOVOTNÝ, Jakub
109 NOVOTNÝ, Jan
5 NOVOTNÝ, Jaromír
20 NOVOTNÝ, Jaroslav
38 NOVOTNÝ, Jiří
20 NOVOTNÝ, Josef
2 Novotný, J.
43 Novotný, Jakub
109 Novotný, Jan
1 Novotný, Jan Philipp
2 Novotný, Jan,
5 Novotný, Jaromír
20 Novotný, Jaroslav
3 Novotný, Jindřich
1 Novotný, Jonáš
20 Novotný, Josef
2 Novotný, Jáchym
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