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Developing activity and creativity in teaching fractions in grades 6 to 7
Svobodová, Lenka ; Tichá, Marie (advisor) ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee)
TITLE: Developing activity and creativity in teaching fractions in grades 6 to 7 AUTHOR: Bc. Lenka Svobodová DEPARTMENT: Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Education SUPERVISOR: Mgr. Marie Tichá, CSc. ABSTRACT: The thesis consists of a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part looks at the cognitive process of pupils and possible ways of their motivation during fractions teaching. Furthermore, it outlines causes of lack of understanding of fractions and re-education interventions. The empirical part is based on a qualitative research whose main objective was to determine how the pupils are able to solve fractions exercises independently and creatively and what mistakes they make. Various methods of data collection were used, such as interview with teachers on issues of fractions teaching in elementary schools, non- standardised test with fractions exercises and additional interview with the tested pupils. This part also describes the preparation of the research, the research itself and its results KEYWORDS: fractions, interpretations, representations, models, misunderstandings, mistakes, teaching approaches
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Didactical situations in mathematics at lower secondary level. The classification of quadrilaterals based on selected characteristics
Vladyková, Kateřina ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Dvořák, Petr (referee)
TITLE: Didactical situations in mathematics at lower secondary level. The classification of quadrilaterals based on selected characteristics. AUTHOR: Bc. Kateřina Vladyková DEPARTMENT: Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Education SUPERVISOR: Prof. RNDr. Jarmila Novotná, CSc. ABSTRACT: This thesis deals with the possible use of the Theory of didactical situations in mathematics at the lower secondary level of Czech school. It is specifically focused on the classification of quadrilaterals based on selected characteristics. The thesis consists of two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part deals mainly with the introduction of Theory of didactical situations, defining and explaining their basic concepts. The thesis also briefly introduces currently existing curricula in the Czech Republic, in which quadrilaterals were the author's main focus. Furthermore, the topic is analyzed from educational materials (textbooks) used in Czech primary schools. In the experimental part of the thesis the author presents a detailed script of educational unit. It is a practical demonstration of a particular theory of didactic situations in teaching mathematics at the Czech elementary school, which is developed and implemented according to the principles of the theory of didactic situations. The thesis...
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Use of e-learning activities in mathematics lessons at the upper secondary schools
Štefánková, Martina ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Jančařík, Antonín (referee)
The aim of this thesis is implementation of e-learning activities to teaching mathematics at an upper Secondary school. The thesis first defines the general concepts related to e-learning and describes Túúdle tools, presents materials used in the project - the definition and basic characteristics of functions. The other materials (function characteristics, linear function, quadratic function) are included on the DVD. The final part of the thesis presents evaluation of the author's as well as other teachers' and pupils' experience with e-learning in teaching at one upper secondary school. Keywords: e-learning, Túúdle, mathematics education
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Public Awareness of stroke risk factors
Gašparová, Natália ; Marková, Eva (advisor) ; Novotná, Jindra (referee)
1. Title of the thesis: Public awareness of stroke risk factors 2. Author's first name and surname: Natália Gašparová 3. Supervisor: Mgr. Eva Marková, Ph.D. Institute of Theory and Practice of Nursing 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague Nowadays stroke represents a severe medical problem. It is the third most common reason for death and only 1/3 of the patients following this diagnosis can fully recover. This bachelor thesis shows the importance of public awareness about the risk factors of stroke. The purpose of this study was to figure out if the general public knows what a stroke is, what the risk factors are and how one can prevent and detect a stroke. In the experimental part of the study we focused on a quantity research with the help of a survey, which targeted the question of general awareness about stroke, its risk factors and its possible prevention. The used survey was self-produced. This study includes 145 participants, out of which 60 % were men and 40 % were women. Our results show, that the majority of the participants see smoking as the most severe risk factor in stroke and when it comes to prevention the majority suggests lowering the blood pressure. Further we found out, that most of the participants (17 %) thinks that a headache is the most important symptom of...
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Public awareness regarding the use of automated external defibrillator in general first aid
Šilhavá, Lenka ; Eislerová, Iva (advisor) ; Novotná, Jindra (referee)
The thesis deals with the awareness of the public about how to use Automatic External Defibrillator in General first aid. In the theoretical part, I present the basic anatomical, physiological and pathophysiological information. I spent the greater part of the automatic external defibrillator, its importance, description, and recommended steps to use. The empirical part evaluates me carried out quantitative research that I carried out in the form of an anonymous questionnaire, which is located on the Internet. The questionnaire was designed for adults, which do not work in the health sector. The main objective of the research was to identify the level of awareness among the general public about the AED, intermediate objectives was to determine willingness to train laypeople about the AED and also to map sources of information that the public most searches. The results of the research I placed in the overview tables and charts. The tables contain the absolute frequency, relative frequency and the total frequency. The result is a finding that the level of awareness compared to the studies carried out in the past years increased slightly, but it cannot be regarded as satisfactory. I have noted the public interest for more information and a considerable willingness to train in spare time. Keywords:...
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Problem Posing Process: Comparison of Posers on Various Levels of Experience
Patáková, Eva ; Zhouf, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee) ; Cihlář, Jiří (referee)
Title: Problem Posing Process: Comparison of Posers on Various Levels of Experience Author: PhDr. Eva Patáková Department: Department of Math. And Math. Education, Pedagogical Faculty, Charles University in Prague Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Jaroslav Zhouf, Ph.D. Abstract: The aim of the thesis is to compare the problem posing process of problem posers on various experience levels: Novices have no experience, specialists pose problems but not more than their teachers profession requires, experts pose problems profesionally, e.g. for Mathematical competitions. There were two phases of the research - both of them consisting of the pilot phase and the main study. The participants posed difficult and original Mathematical problems for approximately 15-year-old students. In the first phase methods derived from the grounded theory were used to analyze self-reflections, questionnaires and other written materials of problem posers. The second phase was based on qualitative analysis of videotyped problem posing process of respondents. The problem posing process of the three groups of respondents was different. With increasing level of experience the ratio of intentional ideas increased as well as the ratio of posers finding inspiration in the existing problem. Opinion to how a good problem should look like is also different for...
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Solving strategies of word problems in their historical development
Hejdrychová, Kateřina ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Jančařík, Antonín (referee)
Title: Solving strategies of word problems in their historical development Abstract This thesis deals with word problems which can be solved by using linear equations. Its aim is to create a collection of current and historical problems selected from different periods of the history of mathematics. In the first part, the level of emphasis put on the use of word problems in the teaching of mathematics by the Framework Education Programme is shown.The contribution of word problems to developing mathematical and financial literacy is also highlighted The second part deals with the history of mathematics focusing on the domains of equations and word problems, both from a worldwide and Czech perspective. The third part is a collection of type problems. The problems are grouped according to context in the way it is usually done in Czech educational materials for primary and secondary schools: problems dealing with the division of a whole into unequal parts, problems dealing with movement, problems dealing with joint work and problems dealing with mixtures. The collection contains three types of problems. Current problems are adopted from contemporary textbooks and collections of problems for schools. Historical problems are taken from historically significant resources from different countries. Outdated problems...
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Financial mathematics in selected problems from comprehensive school geometry curriculum
Kocourková, Zuzana ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Tůmová, Veronika (referee)
Title: Financial mathematics in selected problems from comprehensive school geometry curriculum Author: Zuzana Kocourková Department: Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Education Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Jarmila Novotná, CSc. The core of the bachelor thesis is a selection of problems that combine geo- metry and financial mathematics and can be used at comprehensive school. In the first part the author defines and describes financial literacy and its inclusion into primary and secondary school education. It also presents foundations of finan- cial mathematics. The second part of the thesis focuses on problems that combine geometry and financial matematics and on their introduction at comprehensive school level. When possible, several suitable solving strategies are demonstrated. Each of the problems is supplemented by a list of knowledge and skills prerequi- site to their solution. Keywords: financial literacy, financial mathematics, problems, geometry, comprehensive school
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Methods of solving word problems using logic
Bartlová, Helena ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Jančařík, Antonín (referee)
Title: Methods of solving word problems using logic Author: Helena Bartlová Department: Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Education Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Jarmila Novotná, CSc. The work deals with methods of solving word problems of propositional logic. The first part describes word problems in general, there are given his- tory of logic and base of propositional logic, which is farther used to describe methods and to solve problems. The second part describes the various methods that can be used to solve word problems of logic. The aplication of these methods is shown in the sol- ved word problems. Keywords: word problem, logic, propositional logic
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GeoGebra as a tool for solving problems with parameters
Kudělková, Anna ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Jančařík, Antonín (referee)
Teachers of mathematics can use modern technology to improve lessons and make them more interesting. The present work focuses on the usage of GeoGebra as a graphical solution for selected parametric problems. Data for this work was collected from mathematics textbooks, and internet sources, among others, were used as an inspiration. The work briefly describes GeoGebra software, its features, history and also the community that uses it. The main purpose of the work is to use GeoGebra to solve problems from the domain of geometric constructions and analytic geometry in such a way that shows the main advantages in comparison with the classical solution. In the present work, five mathematical problems are thoroughly analyzed and, for each problem, a set of illustrative examples solved in GeoGebra is provided. KEYWORDS: GeoGebra, parametric problems, graphical solutions
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