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Syntheses of azaphthalocyanine fluorescence sensors with the improved selectivity towards desired metal cations
Uhlířová, Štěpánka ; Nováková, Veronika (advisor) ; Zimčík, Petr (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Candidate Štěpánka Uhlířová Supervisor doc. PharmDr. Veronika Nováková, Ph.D. Title of thesis Syntheses of azaphthalocyanine fluorescence sensors with the improved selectivity towards desired metal cations Azaphthalocyanines (AzaPc) bearing aza-crowns on the periphery may be used as fluorescence sensors for metal cations. Emission in the red part of the spectrum is a great advantage of these compounds because such light is not absorbed by endogenous chromophores. Previous projects served mostly as a proof of concept where sensitivity of AzaPc sensors to a series of alkali and alkaline earth metal cations was shown. The aim of this diploma thesis is focused on the improvement the selectivity of a recognition moiety for particular cations. This can be achieved by the attachment of lariat ethers or crown ethers close to aza-crown moiety. Firstly, appropriate precursors, i.e. 5,6-disubstituted pyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitriles, were prepared by nucleophilic substitution. Then, cyclotetramerization of two different precursors (A and B) using a template method with zinc acetate in a high boiling solvent provided a statistical mixture of AzaPc congeners. Desired unsymmetrical AzaPc of ABBB type was...
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Synthesis of low-symmetry azaphthalocyanine for the labeling of DNA probes increasing the susceptibility of the molecular-biological methods
Schimmerová, Aneta ; Nováková, Veronika (advisor) ; Miletín, Miroslav (referee)
1. ABSTRACT Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department Department od Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Student Aneta Schimmerová Supervisor Assoc. Prof. PharmDr. Veronika Nováková, Ph.D. Title of thesis Synthesis of low-symmetry azaphthalocyanine for the labeling of DNA probes increasing the susceptibility of the molecular- biological methods Azaphthalocyanines (AzaPc) are planar macrocyclic compounds. The alkylamino substituted derivatives can be used as dark quenchers in DNA-hybridization assays. A probe usually contains a quencher and a fluorophore. If these two moieties are close enough, the emitted fluorescence is quenched by the quencher. After the hydrolysis of the oligonucleotide probe, the fluorescence appears because of the long distance between the quencher and fluorophore. Thanks to the large system of conjugated double bounds, AzaPc absorb over a wide range of wavelengths from 300 nm to 750 nm. Such absorption covers all fluorophores used in hybridization assays nowadays, thus AzaPc may serve as universal dark quenchers. The aim of this study was to prepare an AzaPc, that will be possible to attach inside an oligonucleotide strand. Furthermore, a planar moiety bounded to AzaPc will intercalate into DNA and improve the strength of binding of the probe to DNA. First, the...
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Study of biofilm formation of bacterial isolates from milk and dairy products
Nováková, Veronika ; Demnerová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Seydlová, Gabriela (referee)
Bacterial biofilm is a complex community of microbial cells, which are embed into the extracellular pollysacharide matrix. Typical ability of the biofilm is the ability to adhere to either abiotic, or biotic surfaces. The formation of biofilm is a dynamic process, which finally formes a 3D multicellular complex. The initial phase is called the adhesion. After that process is done, the extracellular polymeric matrix is produced to create living conditions of bacteria in biofilm. Biofilm has hight level of antimicrobial resistance. This resistance consists of physical and chemical barriers, which effectively block diffusion and penetration of antimicrobial substances inside the biofilm. Biofilms cause problems in food industry, where it could be origin of food contaminations. Thefore it is necessary to understand the relationship between microorganisms and materials used in food industry. Key words: biofilm, milk and dairy products, milk and dairy industry, disifectanc, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp.
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Preparation and photophysical evaluation of tetra-3,4-pyridoporphyrazines suitable for the photodynamic therapy
Čermák, Pavel ; Nováková, Veronika (advisor) ; Roh, Jaroslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Candidate: Pavel Cermak Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Veronika Novakova, PhD. Title of Thesis: Preparation and photophysical evaluation of tetra-3,4- pyridoporphyrazines suitable for the photodynamic therapy Tetra-3,4-pyridoporphyrazines (TPyPz) are aza-analogues of phthalocyanines. Their large system of conjugated bonds enables them to absorb light in the red part of the absorption spectrum. Due to their ability to produce singlet oxygen, they can be potentially used as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Its mechanism is based on co-functioning of three elements - photosensitizer, light and oxygen. Photosensitizer excited by light absorption transfers its energy into tissue oxygen, thus, creating cytotoxic singlet oxygen. This method is beneficial for its high selectivity, low toxicity, minimal invasion and fast effect. The aim of this work was to synthetize and study water-soluble TPyPz suitable for PDT. Water solubility was achieved by quarternized amines, forming of salts or using suitable delivery systems (hydrophilic emulsion). Hydrophilicity was also increased by introduction of hydrophilic non-charged substituents (OH). At first, appropriate precursors for...
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Synthesis and study of 6-((7-nitrobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-4-yl)amino)hexanoic acid derivatives as transdermal permeation enhancers
Kučera, Ondřej ; Vávrová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Nováková, Veronika (referee)
Ondřej Kučera Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Synthesis and study of 6-((7-nitrobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-4-yl)amino)hexanoic acid derivatives as transdermal permeation enhancers Transdermal permeation enhancers are used to increase absorption of drugs through skin or, more importantly, through the stratum corneum, which is the uppermost layer of the skin. Mechanism of action of enhancers is not fully understood. In general the most active enhancers consist of hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts. In this work, we prepared and studied fluorescent permeation enhancers. Fluorescent dye NBD (7-nitrobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol) is fairly hydrophilic, so we used it as a hydrophilic head of potential enhancers based on dodecyl 6- (dimethylamino)hexanoate (DDAK). Such fluorescent enhancers could help us understand more about the mechanism of action. It enables determination of this enhancer and imaging of its penetration pathways in the skin. We synthesized three esters of 6-((7-nitrobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-4-yl)amino)-hexanoic acid (NBD-acid) with ester-linked C8-C12 alkyls. 6-Aminocaproic acid reacted with 4-chloro- NBD and then with a series of alcohols to give us different lengths of alkyl chains. We applied these enhancers to human skin in Franz diffusion cells using two...
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How children solve word problems in mathematics containing traditional and non-traditional gender content
Nováková, Veronika ; Smetáčková, Irena (advisor) ; Páchová, Anna (referee)
The goal of my thesis is to find out how school children react to word problems in mathematics that defy traditional distinction of gender roles in a typical household. This Bachelor Thesis compares in which word problems (with traditional or nontraditional gender content) children score higher and whether boys/girls in 2nd or 6th grade are more successful in solving them. It also differentiates if there are any noticeable differences between girls and boys. The research was carried out by mixed methodology and I used sequential progression of data. Firstly, I handed out the forms, then came the investigation of previously mentioned forms which granted me a better insight on the research of this particular phenomenon in the field. After the quantitative collecting of data came the qualitative investigation using half-structured interviews.
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Synthesis of microRNA-21 inhibitors
Vosátka, Jan ; Marek, Jan (advisor) ; Nováková, Veronika (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control Student: Jan Vosátka Supervisor: PharmDr. Jan Marek, Ph.D. Consultant: Prof. Morten Grötli, Marta P. Carrasco, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Synthesis of microRNA-21 inhibitors Nowadays structures which negatively suppress some pathological processes in the organism have been revealed, for example small molecules - microRNAs. For various diseases, such as cancer or cardiac fibrosis, specific types of microRNAs, which participate in pathological growth of these affected tissues, have been discovered. MicroRNAs, as a hot issue, has resulted in focusing on the creation of inhibitors of these small structures in different stages of their genesis. For this work miR- 21 occurring in some kinds of cancer and cardiovascular disease, mainly in cardiac fibrosis, has been used. The assays showed that the suppressing of miR-21 positively influences these pathological processes and 4-(2-phenylhydrazinyl)-N-prop-2-ynyl-benzamide was determined to be the appropriate inhibitor. This inhibitor contains azobenzene's moiety which allows the compound to interconvert between two isomers upon irradiation. In this way, this compound can be considered a photoswitchable molecule. The main goal of this...
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