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What is Phenomenology? The Inevitability of the Clash between Husserl and Heidegger
Kvapil, Ondřej ; Novák, Aleš (advisor) ; Nitsche, Martin (referee)
Based on the explicit Husserl-Heidegger polemic, which concerned the ''Phenomenology'' entry for Encyclopaedia Britannica, my thesis captures conflict between the two protagonists precisely when it becomes direct. Tracing the main issues of their dispute, I will firstly demonstrate that the conflict is not a consequence of mutual misunderstanding, but rather a disagreement coming from the core itself of their respective theories. It could therefore not have been avoided. Secondly, I will show that the leading intentions of both traditional versions of phenomenology are not only irreconcilable, but essentially contradictory.
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Illusion and Illusio: Genalogy of morals
Adamec, Jan ; Chavalka, Jakub (advisor) ; Novák, Aleš (referee)
Illusio and illusion: Genealogy of morals The work is attempting to use the concept Illusio and its coerelate illusion, which form the core of Pierre Bourdieu's sociological conception of man is inspecting one essay at the time Nietzsche's analogical concepts. Illusio as central concept of theory is bundel of interconected concepts of society, body and value. Interpretation from the view of social conception of man implied in illusio uncovers Genealogy of morals as concieving animalistic man in opposition to violent deadening techniques of socialisation and shows follow-up utopic projects of dealing with abysmal thought. As Neitzsche's tought reveals inauspicious sociological conception of conditio humana mirroring his own abysmal thought. On one side is man entangled in a circle of symbolic violence and on the other socialy maimed animal, surprisingly both situations are in the end overcome by ways of separation from society. Once by creation of utopic social unit and second by harmonic integration of social achievements with animal core of man in spite of society.
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The Free Spirit in Nietzsche's philosophy
Hostašová, Jana ; Chavalka, Jakub (advisor) ; Novák, Aleš (referee)
The main aim of this thesis is the analysis, characterization and emphasis of the phenomenon of Free Spirit in Nietzsche's Human, All Too Human, volumes I. and II. The thesis attempts to portray the Free Spirit as a holistic concept which, in addition, converges Nietzsche's most prevalent subjects, the criticism of religion, metaphysics and culture, and the importance of education and development. The character of Free Spirit shall be used to illustrate Nietzsche's vision of the future and the possible roads, which lead to it shall be described. In the first part of the thesis, I intend to focus on the creation of the Free Spirit with emphasis on "the great liberation" and on the circumstances from which it emerges, especially in contrast to the fettered spirit. The central motive then shifts to the importance of culture, its development and escalation and its cohesion with the Free Spirit. The final part is dedicated to the effects of the Free Spirit, its tasks and possibilities, which it has for the free ranging spirit. I shall introduce the free ranging spirit as a practical manifestation of Nietzsche's thoughts and I intend to lead my exposition in that direction. An important part of the thesis is to unveil Nietzsche's thinking as centred around researching and observing humans, which is then...
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Heidegger's concept of freedom, 1927-1930
Dubovec, Marcel ; Novák, Aleš (advisor) ; Mitterpach, Klement (referee) ; Muránsky, Martin (referee)
DUBOVEC, M.: Heidegger's concept of freedom, 1927-1930 Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Humanities, Institute for German and French Philosophy The purpose of this doctoral thesis is to present Heidegger's concept of freedom between 1927 and 1930. It puts emphasis on the difference between the fundamental-ontological and the transcendental concept of freedom. The elaboration of this difference is founded on the transformation of the ontological difference in its three forms: the difference of the being of beings (existential approach), the difference of the being and beings (transcendental/metontological) and the cosmological difference as a difference between the thing and the world (phenomenological metaphysics). The central manifestation of the difference is the possibility of a deeper understanding of freedom beyond its existential structures (Being and time) that focus on authenticity. The transcendental concept of freedom is the essence of the ground in the context of transcendence and the world and as such it is also the ground for existentially conceived freedom. In order to show this hierarchy in particular, Heidegger's debate on Kant's concept of freedom as spontaneity will be explained. Spontaneity is a specific form of causality and as such it is also grounded in transcendental...
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Philosophical Writings on Art and the Truth
Poláková, Markéta ; Novák, Aleš (advisor) ; Chavalka, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to study the subject of art (especially music) and its connection to the truth. The effort is also to determine what is meant by the truth. But all this reveals the real and noble goal of this thesis: to try to capture all the questions that arise in connection with art and the truth and trying to search their proper philosophical answers. All this takes place within Friedrich Nietzsche's early philosophy, with his inspirations: Arthur Schopenhauer (we will touch the influence of Kant's philosophy on Schopenhauer's philosophy, too) and the composer and at certain time Nietzsche's personal friend - Richard Wagner, whose lesser known writings will be also introduced. It turns out that these arising questions touch on such topics as: abstract rationality and language in contrast to artistic creativity and direct experience, subjectivity or objectivity in art, the special nature of philosophy, existential issues, and issues of a higher sense of human life. Key words: music, art, truth, affection, reason, myth, drama, tragedy
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Thinking the psychedelic
Michalik, Tadeáš ; Marek, Jakub (advisor) ; Novák, Aleš (referee)
2 Abstract In this text, we are asking if it is possible to think the 'psychedelic' without labelling it as 'different', 'imaginary', 'fantastic' or 'unreal', and without thinking it as a particular experiential region belonging specifically to human experience. By first thinking 'experience', we are then attempting to relate the psychedelic experience to human experience considered in the simple joining of its basic dimensions, and to think both of these experiential modalities through the same motives. If we think 'experience' as opening itself through its boundaries, which limit and thus open the dimensions through which the fundamental relation of presencing and apprehension plays, then we can think the psychedelic using the concept of 'layer' derived from the concept of 'boundary'. We first think the phenomena of transparency of time, of transparent attunement and of transparent clarity, which belong to human experience in its simplicity. We then think the phenomenon of disjoining of the basic dimensions of human experience, which takes us from human experience in its simplicity, through strangeness, towards the psychedelic. Lastly, we think the phenomenon of permeating, taking us to the simply joined or disjoined dimensions of human and non-human experience being played out in their layeredness...
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The Principle of Sufficient Reason in Kant and Meillassoux: On the Reason and Unreason of Post-metaphysical Thought
Sistiaga, Sergey ; Novák, Aleš (advisor) ; Sepp, Hans Rainer (referee) ; Theis, Robert (referee)
The Principle of Sufficient Reason in Kant and Meillassoux: On the Reason and Unreason of Post-metaphysical Thought. The aim of this thesis is to probe the alleged grounds of post-metaphysical thought in order to unearth its foundations. This genetic-systematic inquiry thus not only aims to scrutinize possible interpretations of the judgment the tribunal of reason is said to have passed on itself qua reason, but, more importantly, to revise the very judgment itself and to question the legitimacy of the tribunal. Apart from the fact that self-administered justice rarely results in convictions, the process seems ill-conceived from the start. The thesis sets in with an analysis of Quentin Meillassoux's recent invigorating and highly original re- discovery of post-metaphysical thought's unreason and a close reading of Kant's relevant pre- critical and critical works: while judgment was indeed passed in the name of "pure reason", it was not passed on reason itself but merely on its "logical" use. Only reason's usus logicus, not its usus realis were indicted by reason. In other words, the judgment has been misunderstood. The reason for this misunderstanding is located in Kant's philosophical presuppositions, which thus emerge as the very unreason of post-metaphysical thought. Since such unreason cannot...
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